Nt1330 Unit 4
1. ________ is typically not referred to as a buffer type in critical chain project management. Resource buffer Free buffer Feeding buffer Project buffer
See references Marked for review 2. A company has to make a choice between two projects, because the available resources in money and kind are not sufficient to run both at the same time. Each project would take 9 months and would cost $250,000.
The first project is a process optimization which would result in a cost reduction of $120,000 per year. This benefit would be achieved immediately after the end of the project. The second project would be the development of a new product which could produce the following net profits after the end of the project:
1. year: $ 15,000
2. year: $ 125,000 …show more content…
3. year: $ 220,000
Assumed is a discount rate of 5% per year. Looking at the present values of the benefits of these projects in the first 3 years, what is true? Both projects are equally attractive. The first project is more attractive by app. 7%. The second project is more attractive by app. 5%. The first project is more attractive by app. 3%.
See references Marked for review 3. A production process has been defined as part of an industrial equipment manufacturing project. The process is intended to produce steel bolts with a length of 20 cm. The control limits are 19.955cm and 20.045cm.
The measurements made at the end of the process yielded the following results:
20.033cm, 19.982cm, 19,995cm, 20.006cm, 19.970cm, 19.968cm, 19.963cm, 19.958cm, 19.962cm, 19.979cm, 19.959cm.
What should be done? The process is under control. It should not be adjusted. A special cause should be investigated, the process should be adjusted. The control limits should be adjusted. The measuring equipment should be recalibrated.
See references Marked for review 4. Your project management team includes two external consultants each from a different company. You found that repeated conflicts between the two consultants already slow down project progress and jeopardize achievement of objectives.
Which stage of team development can be difficult to overcome in such a situation? Storming from Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing Panic from Enthusiasm, Panic, Hope, Solution Kickoff from Assignment, Kickoff, Training, Communicating Frustration from Direction, Frustration, Cooperation, Collaboration
See references Marked for review 5. During a project, earned value analysis is performed, resulting in the following numbers:
EV: 523,000; PV: 623,000; AC: 643,000.
Which results are correct?
CV: +120,000; SV: +100,000 CV: +100,000; SV: +120,000 CV: -100,000; SV: -120,000 CV: -120,000; SV: -100,000
See references Marked for review 6. A project manager spent some days to create a multi-page document, which he called project charter. The document should have been issued by the project sponsor. The sponsor found the document outsized and asked for a condensed document.
Which of the following is usually not an element of the project charter? The authority level of the project manager Detailed control account and work package descriptions The business need that the project was undertaken to address High-level risks
See references Marked for review 7. A document called ____________ is created by decomposing the project scope into smaller, more manageable elements. Scope Statement Network Logic Diagram Work Breakdown Structure Requested Change
See references Marked for review 8.
Which of the following tools is used to create a risk management plan?
Risk planning meetings Documentation reviews Data precision rankings Diagramming techniques
See references Marked for review 9. In order to speed up a project, you made a decision to fast-track a phase currently performed with five team members, and another one which was planned to begin in four weeks time with another five team members.
Which of the following activities should you do first? Make sure that all exit criteria of the consecutive phase have been met to ensure the flow of communications in a team situation which is more complex by a factor of 2. Make sure that all entry criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical aptness. Make sure that all exit criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical performance. Restructure your team and delegate tasks in order to ensure the flow of communications in a team with the number of communication channels increased by a factor of 4.5.
See references Marked for review 10. A project manager has been asked to support an internal project request by developing a business case.
What kind of information is the person expected to provide in the document?
The detailed information from a business standpoint to determine whether bidding for the customer project will be successful. The detailed information from a project management standpoint to determine whether the project will be successful. The detailed information from a technical standpoint to determine whether the project will be successful. The necessary information from a business standpoint to determine whether the project is worth the investment.
See references Marked for review 11.
You found the following earned value analysis information for a project that was recently closed-out:
SPI = 0.7, CPI = 1.0
The project has been cancelled while it was executed. At that time the project was behind schedule and on budget. The project's deliverables have all been finished.
The project came in behind schedule but on budget. The project's deliverables have all been finished. The project came in ahead of schedule but on budget. The project's deliverables have all been finished. The project came in on schedule but over budget.
See references Marked for review 12.
Which should be included in a requirements management plan?
The document should trace requirements to project scope / WBS deliverables. It should describe how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported.
It should trace high-level requirements to more detailed requirements. It should trace requirements to business needs, opportunities, goals, and objectives.
See references Marked for review 13. In a traditionally drawn decision tree, a circle represents ___________. a chance to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown. a decision to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown. a chance to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely
pay-off. a decision to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely pay-off.
See references Marked for review 14.
A project management team has subcontracted work to a service company. Which of the following tools is the best choice to assure that this company will be able to meet the quality requirements of the project?
Quality audit Deliverable inspection Fixed price contract Service level agreement
See references Marked for review 15. With your team you are using judgment from subject matter experts to identify and analyze project risks. There is a small number of experts available, but some of them have long been in a teacher-student or manager-assistant relationship.
Which of the following techniques can ensure best that there is no dominating opinion during an expert review?
Peer review SWOT analysis
Delphi technique Monetary value calculation
See references Marked for review 16. You are running a project for a customer based on a cost-reimbursable contract with the following terms: Target costs: $ 1,000,000
Fixed fee: $ 100,000
Benefit/cost sharing: 80% / 20%
Price ceiling: $ 1,200,000
Which is the PTA (= point of total assumption, break point) of the project? $1,300,000 $1,500,000 $80,000 $1,125,000
See references Marked for review 17. During execution of a project which is performed for a customer on a T&M (time and material) contract base, a new project manager is taking over the assignment.
He discovers that two members assigned to the project have charged time without performing any work for the project customer. Upon further investigation, he determines that this occurred because there have been no other project assignments open for these employees. The customer is unaware of these facts.
What should the project manager do?
Try to find some productive work for these staff members in the project and leave them on the team. The best thing is to do nothing. The customer will not realize the problem anyway. Try to find a responsible person for the over-assignment who can be made accountable. Take the two people off the team immediately and arrange for the refund of the excess charges to the customer.
See references Marked for review 18. Start dates in the following network logic diagram are defined as early morning, finish dates are evening.
If tasks are scheduled to begin at early start date, what is true?
Activity B has a free float of 10 d. Activity B has a total float of 10 d. Activity A has a free float of 10 d. Activity A has a total float of 10 d.
See references Marked for review 19. Your project is executed with a globally spread virtual team. The project progress has been found to be too slow. Which measure is most likely to immediately speed up the project? Technical training for all team members Daily phone conferences and detailed reporting A team meeting at a location convenient to all team members Collocation of team members at a suitable place
See references Marked for review 20.
A project management team wants to procure some customized products which are available in identical grade and quality from many vendors. What should be included in the procurement package to ensure that their offers will be comparable? A statement of work describing the needs of the project in sufficient detail to enable vendors to make suitable proposals
A statement of work specifying attributes and metrics of the requested deliverables in detail to allow vendors submission of bids
The approved project scope statement, the WBS which should be broken down to work package level and the WBS dictionary The risk management plan and the reports from those risk management reviews which have been made so far
See references Marked for review 21. Which of the following becomes increasingly important in a virtual team environment? Requirements engineering Communication planning Formal procurements closure Network diagramming
See references Marked for review 22. You are assigned as the project manager to a project which is executed for a customer under FP contract. Your customer informed you this morning that they insist on certain "refinements" of the project scope.
You agree that the requested actions make really sense to the project, but believe that they constitute a major change increasing the project scope. What should you do next?
Accept the request of the customer. Diligently document the additional costs and working hours spent by yourself and the team on the implementation of the change and invoice these to the customer at appropriate rates. Perform earned value analysis to assess the current status of the project and get all the numbers you need to communicate the case to the change control board which then will have to make the best decision regarding the customer request. Check the contract, the project charter, the scope statement and other documents related to the project and the contract. Implement ADR (alternative dispute resolution) procedures if the conflict cannot be resolved otherwise. Talk to the project sales department and find a joint solution with them how to best reject the request considering the commercial and strategic value of the customer to the organization you are working for.
See references Marked for review 23. A prime contractor in a customer project under CPFF contract has run into unexpected technical problems. Fixing them will require a lot of additional work to be done.
The company made a decision to book more staff and equipment from their subcontractors in order to adhere to the agreed timeline. The customer agreed to this decision.
What will most likely happen? The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase and the customer‘s payment for them will increase, too. The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will not increase. The contractor‘s indirect costs will not increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will. Both the contractor's indirect costs and the customer‘s payment for them will not increase.
See references Marked for review 24. A project management team is evaluating the causes that might contribute to unsatisfactory performance and quality. Which of the following statements is not true? Normal process variation is attributable to random causes and sometimes also called "white noise". Special causes are easier to predict and handle than random causes (also called common causes). Special causes are unusual events which are difficult to foresee and often produce outliers. A process can be optimized to limit the bandwidth of variations due to random causes.
See references Marked for review 25. You are performing a project management audit in your company and find that most of the project plans are neither consistent nor up-to-date.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Projects should never be executed without a valid, updated and working project management plan. The consistency of the project management plan is secondary because it is only the results that matter. A great deal of effort is required to develop and update a project plan, but the benefits include less pressure on all stakeholders and a resulting product that will satisfy the requirements. Poor planning and insufficient updating of project management plans are common reasons for cost and time overruns.
See references Marked for review 26. You want to perform active risk acceptance. What should you do? Create contingency reserves in resources, money and time. Develop a plan to minimize impact in case that an identified risk occurs. Develop a plan to minimize the probability of occurrence for identified risks. Make additional resources available to speed up the project.
See references Marked for review 27. A project manager made 3-point estimates on a critical path and found the following results:
Assuming ±3 sigma precision level for each estimate, what is the standard deviation of the allover path? App. 4.2 days App. 5.2 days App. 6.2 days You can not derive the path standard deviation from the information given.
See references Marked for review 28.
When do bidder conferences normally take place? After the contract has been awarded to keep alternatives open. After submission of bid or proposal, but before contract award. Prior to the submission of a bid or proposal by the bidder. After technical meetings with bidders to discuss contract requirements.
See references Marked for review 29. What is defined by control limits? A measuring instrument solely used to describe process capability. The process is found capable if the ±3 sigma range is exceeded by not more than 0.3% of a tested sample lot. The limits of the six sigma area on either side of a control chart to plot measured values; data found outside the area are out of specification and can lead to rejection of an entire batch. The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in statistical quality control The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in quality assurance
See references Marked for review 30.
The scope baseline consists of what? Scope statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary Cost baseline, quality baseline and schedule baseline Configuration management plan and configuration identification document Procurement statement of work and project scope statement
See references Marked for review 31. Activity 1 has a duration of 20 days, activity 2 of 10 days, activity 3 of 5 days and activity 4 of 6 days.
What is the minimum total duration between the milestones A and B?
36 days 37 days 39 days 42 days
See references Marked for review 32.
Which tool and technique is used in the processes Create WBS and Define activities? Nominal group technique Human resource assignment Brainstorming Decomposition
See references Marked for review 33. Which of the following statement(s) on whistleblowing is/are not true?
It is a term used to define an employee’s decision to disclose information on unethical, immoral or illegal actions at work to an authority figure. An employee should always discuss the matter with people external to the company before following the "chain of command" and discuss it with the immediate superior. The consequences of whistleblowing are often extreme and might include being branded as an owner of bad judgment, layoff, civil action and imprisonment. Carefully performed whistleblowing can lead to the end of unethical business practices.
a b b, c c, d
See references Marked for review 34. Which of the following statements is not true? Attribute sampling is the process of assessing whether results conform to specifications or not. Prevention means keeping errors out of the process by applying actions before the process starts changing its input. Variables sampling means that the result is classified into one of the 3 categories:
"acceptable" - "acceptable after rework" - "rejected". Inspection is often mainly done to keep errors out of the hands of the customer instead of as a means of process control.
See references Marked for review 35. Which statement describes best why you should document assumptions? Assumptions might prove to be wrong. Knowing which assumptions were incorrect allows baseline adjustments in case of project crisis. Assumption analysis is a valuable tool and technique to explore the validity of assumptions during risk identification. Assumptions limit the project management team's options for decision making because they can not be controlled by the team. In case of schedule or budget overruns, the documentation of assumptions supports a clear assignment of responsibility.
See references Marked for review 36. Which is normally not regarded as an element of cost of quality? Prevention costs Maintenance cost Appraisal costs Failure costs
See references Marked for review 37. You have recently been assigned as a project manager to a new B-O-T (build, operate, transfer) capital project. Reviewing the initial documentation you found out that it has been calculated with a very small margin during operations of its product for the shareholders. What should you do? As you are not responsible for lifecycle costing, you don't have to worry about operation profits. Focus on project costs from initiation through handover. Ensure maximum profits by buying the best and cheapest items, components and modules―potentially from a big number of different suppliers―and integrating them. Create a realistic plan broken down to a sufficient level of detail. Perform all risk management processes. Ensure real-time communications with all stakeholders. Try to get a second project manager assigned to share decision making and accountability to shareholders with the person.
See references Marked for review 38. A project is handled by departments of an organization and expedited by a project coordinator. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true? The performing organization is a weak matrix. The performing organization is doing "management by projects". The performing organization is a strong matrix. The performing organization is projectized.
See references Marked for review 39. You are project manager in a global project with a team consisting of people from various countries. What can you try to prevent misunderstandings due to cross-cultural differences? Use all communication methods available that are suitable for the team and follow up in writing when communicating verbally. Remember that cultural and individual diversity may help project teams solving unforeseen problems during the course of the project. When you are about to form a team for your project, keep in mind that some cultures are developed, others are more primitive. Some have values, some not. You should consequently avoid choosing members from countries with cultures that are not similar to your own. Cultural dilemmas can prevent any project from being successful. They should therefore be smoothed or suppressed so as to make sure that they cannot disrupt project work. Your effort should concentrate on communication that can help reach that goal. As norms regarding communication habits differ significantly across various cultures, communicating between people from different countries should only be done using language. The nonverbal dimension simply bears too many risks.
See references Marked for review 40. Which statement on conflicts is true? Conflict resolution should focus on people, not issues. Conflict is natural and forces a search for alternatives. Conflict should always be handled in private and not in the team. Too much openness is a common cause of conflict.
See references Marked for review 41. A change request in a project has been rejected some weeks ago. Yesterday, the project manager found out that it nevertheless has been implemented by the team members, who knew of the change request, but not of the rejection.
In order to avoid such a situation, rejected change requests should be consistently communicated to stakeholders through which process?
Report performance Verify scope Perform integrated change control Monitor and control risks
See references Marked for review 42. What is a trigger in project risk management? An expected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur A warning sign that a previously identified risk might be occurring or has occurred An unexpected situation causing an identified risk to occur An unexpected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur
See references Marked for review 43. According to the project plan, a contractor is scheduled to deliver some software components today afternoon. A regular payment is due to be made to this contractor tomorrow.
You and your project team received a note this morning informing you that the software delivery will be delayed by 2 weeks.
What should you do right now?
You should delay the payment also for 2 weeks. You must immediately find a different contractor. You should conduct a meeting with the contractor to resolve the delivery issues before making the payment. You should make the payment and reschedule the project plan.
See references Marked for review 44. In a software company a large number of simultaneously performed projects utilize the same groups of human and other resources.
What is the term commonly used for this situation?
Concurrent engineering Resource over-allocation Resource pooling Program management
See references Marked for review 45. What does the acronym RACI commonly stand for in project management? Responsible, Accountable, to be Consulted, to be Informed Remote, Attached, Connected, Integrated Risk Analysis and Caution Initiative Randomly Accessible Cashflow Information
See references Marked for review 46. You have used estimates made by your team members and applied the critical path method to compute a network logic diagram for your project. Then you found out that it cannot be sufficiently optimized for scarce resources and fast progress towards a given deadline. What should you do next? Apply resource leveling heuristics to uncritical activities only. Reduce estimates on duration and work efforts by an adequate percentage. Apply Three-point estimation and critical chain project management. Remove physical constraints and replace hard logic with soft logic.
See references Marked for review 47. Liquidated damages (LDs) are contractually agreed payments in order to... ...give the contractor an incentive to meet an aggressive schedule or challenging quality objectives. ...penalize the contractor for late completion of a project or failure to meet specifications. ...cover the customer's costs caused by late completion or failure to meet specifications by the contractor. ...make a bid or proposal binding for the offerer while the customer has time to select among various bidders.
See references Marked for review 48. What should not be covered by a risk management plan? Roles and responsibilities for handling project risks Timing of project risk management activities The methodological approach used for risk management Individual risks and potential responses to them
See references Marked for review 49. You are assigned as the project manager to a project which had a one-time cost variance in the past caused by unexpected rework which has meanwhile been finished.
You perform earned value analysis and get the following results:
EV: 250,000; PV: 200,000; AC 275,000
BAC is 500,000.
What is right?
EAC = 550,000 EAC = 525,000 EAC = 500,000 EAC = 425,000
See references Marked for review 50. An estimation has been made that the construction of a residential home will cost a certain amount per square foot of living area. This is an example of what type of estimating? Analogous estimating Bottom-up estimating Top-down estimating Parametric estimating
See references Marked for review 51. What is true for prototypes? Prototyping causes significant costs and should be avoided wherever possible. They are tangible and allow for early feedback on requirements by stakeholders. Prototypes are mostly developed toward the end of a design or build phase. Prototypes increase the risk of misunderstandings between developers and users.
See references Marked for review 52. What is a constructive change?
A change request that helps improving the project and its product, service or result and is discussed generally in a friendly style. A direction by the buyer or an action taken by the seller that the other party considers an undocumented change to the contract. A field change or ad-hoc change mandated by the project customer in a public construction project. A change request which will lead to the re-construction of an older version of the project performance baseline by the contractor.
See references Marked for review 53. Which of the following is generally not regarded to be a motivator according to Frederick Herzberg? Working conditions and interpersonal relations Responsibility for enlarged task Interest in the task Recognition for achievement
See references Marked for review 54. What is true for modern project management? Project managers need... ... to have a strict standing in negotiating ... to show experience in tricking business partners ... to be team players and facilitators instead of "bosses" ... to be strongly linked to local traditions
See references Marked for review 55. You are the project manager in an engineering project and have recently signed a contract with a software vendor for the development of a complicated control solution. The software will be used to control machinery equipment which your project team is currently developing. The contract is a lump-sum contract. The contractor has target cost estimated which seem rather low to you. Which of the following statements is not true for this situation? It is the contractor's risk in this type of contract that their profit may vanish if costs have been underestimated. This form of contract should only be chosen when all the requirements for the building of the product are well-known by all parties involved. In a fixed-price contract, change requests can cause issues regarding additional time and extra costs for the changes to be applied. It is likely that your organization may have to assume any unexpected additional costs for the software development.
See references Marked for review 56.
A review to determine whether of project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures is commonly called Quality auditing Inspection Quality testing Reject screening
See references Marked for review 57. Which of the following is true regarding the code of accounts? It allows one to easily identify the breakdown level of the item in the resource structure. It describes the coding structure used by the performing organization to report financial information in its general ledger. It is the collection of unique identifiers generally assigned to WBS items. It defines ethical behavior in the project and the responsibilities to the customer and the profession.
See references Marked for review 58. You are the manager of your company's project management office. The company is running many concurrent projects; most of them share a resource pool of technical staff. Understanding how resources are utilized across projects has been found essential to overall project performance, including cost effectiveness and profitability.
This morning you received a message that the resource pool members will be unable to perform as planned for the next months because the overall work load has grown too high and while delays are adding up, the morale of the staff is going down.
What should you do next? Ensure that quantitative information for all projects is being made available in a uniform and reliable fashion and verify that the project management methodology is adhered to. Then consolidate the information to get an understanding of the problems related with the use of shared resources. Implement an enterprise project management software solution which is able to level the human resources across the various projects and which has the capability to model resource assignment on a percentage level thus optimizing resource utilization for the overall organization. Do nothing related to the described problem unless you are explicitly requested by the organizations upper management. Supporting decision making on the level on which project portfolio management is done, is not the project management office's business. Evaluate project management software which supports planning and scheduling across enterprise-wide project portfolios. Avoid managing the availability of shared enterprise resources for the projects run by an organization because this is not the business of a project management office.
See references Marked for review 59.
You have been criticized that certain specifications in your scope statement do not pass the test for SMART objectives. What are SMART objectives? Objectives specified in far more detail than necessary for a execution of a successful project. Easily achievable objectives which help you reducing the pressure on yourself and the team. Objectives that should be achieved in order to attain formal recognition by both the customer and the project sponsor. Objectives that are described using specific, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-related specifications.
See references Marked for review 60. You have been assigned as a project manager to a software project. While you and your team are working on a WBS (work breakdown structure), estimations for activity durations based on the activity list vary significantly. Which additional documents may help you clarify this situation?
Milestone list and scope baseline. Project schedule network diagrams and human resource plan. Activity cost estimates and scope baseline. Activity attributes and project scope statement.
See references Marked for review 61. You are performing earned value technique on your project.
After budget approval, an additional and unexpected cost item has been identified, which made the project more expensive some weeks ago. The item has meanwhile been paid by the project team, and it is expected that for the remaining duration of the project, costs will be as budgeted.
In this case, which is the best formula to calculate EaC (Estimate at Completion)? EaC = BaC - CV EaC = BaC / CPI EaC = AC + BtC / CV You can not compute the EaC.
See references Marked for review 62. During a company event, you had the opportunity to talk to a colleague project manager. He told you that in his current project actual costs are 15% under cumulated costs budgeted for today.
What do you think?
The information given to you by the colleague is not sufficient to assess project performance. The project will probably be completed with total costs remaining under budget until the end. A significant cost increase during the further course of the project will probably bring the costs back to baseline level. Original cost forecasting and budgeting for the project must have been poor to allow this variance.
See references Marked for review 63. What is the meaning of a concept called the "Journey to Abilene"? Project managers should visit their customers far more often than what is usual in order to avoid misunderstandings and bad emotions. International projects may have an increased need for traveling which can lead to additional costs and troubles with time zones. Committee decisions can have the paradox outcome, that a jointly made or approved decision is not desired by any individual group member. A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. Repeating it would be similar to making the same journey twice.
See references Marked for review 64. Which of the following statements describes best the relationship between project phases and the project life cycle? The project life cycle includes the time when the project is performed and the expected product lifespan after that. In project management, the sequence of project phases and phase gates is often referred to as project life cycle. The project life cycle is regarded as a sequence of project activities while phases are defined to control overlapping activities. The project life cycle describes how iterations of project management processes are used when a project schedule is developed.
See references Marked for review 65.
Which is an appropriate order in most project situations for the development of scope-related documents? 1. Project SOW (statement of work),
2. Project charter,
3. Project scope management plan,
4. Project scope statement,
5. WBS (work breakdown structure) and WBS dictionary. 1. Work breakdown structure,
2. Scope statement,
3. Project charter,
4. CSOW (contractual statement of work),
5. Contractual work breakdown structure 1. Feasibility study
3. Contract,
4. CWBS (contractual work breakdown structure),
5. Scope of work descriptions,
6. PID (project initiation document). 1. BOM (Bill of materials),
2. CAP (control account plan),
3. Project charter
4. Change management plan,
5. Scope baseline.
See references Marked for review 66. What is the S-curve in project management?
A graph that is generated if a normal curve is integrated. A graph that is to be integrated to generate a normal curve. A metaphoric description of the short term uncertainties that are present in every project. The graph that describes the typical growth of earned value during the course of the project.
See references Marked for review 67.
An output of the process Estimate activity resources is a document called "activity resource requirements". It identifies the types and quantities of resources...
...while the term resources is limited to equipment and materials. ...required for each activity in a work package. ...while the term resources is limited to human resources. ...to be obtained solely from the performing organization.
See references Marked for review 68.
What is not the purpose of configuration control when configuration management is applied in a project?
Verification that the configuration identification for a configuration item is accurate, complete, and will meet specified program needs.
Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully analyzed. Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully documented. Managing and controlling the frequently requested changes to a project by applying agreed rules.
See references Marked for review 69.
Which statement describes best the meaning of the term cost baseline? A cost baseline is always created by translating time-phased cost information into cost data on activity or work-package level. A cost baseline is an approved time-phased budget that will be used to measure and monitor cost performance on the project. Data to draw a cost baseline can be easily generated and updated as necessary from information related to actual project cost. A cost baseline is usually displayed in the form of an inverse S-curve drawn from the beginning of the project until data date.
See references Marked for review 70. Which is not true in regard of RoI (return on investment) for a project? It defines the cumulated net income from an investment at a given point in time or during a defined period. It includes investment, direct and indirect costs and may include allowances for capital cost, depreciation, risk of loss, and/or inflation. It is most commonly stated as a percentage of the investment or as a dimensionless index figure. It is the time when cumulated net income is equal to the investment.
See references Marked for review 71.
A project sponsor requested earned value data on two concurrent projects from the project managers. Both projects are regarded as equally important and strategically beneficial and have been finished by over 80%. He received the following information:
Project A: PV: $1,800,000 EV: $2,300,000 AC: $2,100,000
Project B: PV: $2,000,000 EV: $1,500,000 AC: $1,600,000
The sponsor considers to shift some resources from project A to project B to speed up the second project which is currently behind schedule.
What is the most likely outcome of such a measure?
Changing team assignments during late course of a project typically increases cost efficiency. Changing team assignments during late course of a project typically increases time efficiency.
According to the law of diminishing returns, the consolidated cost variance of the two projects will decrease.
According to the law of diminishing returns, the consolidated cost variance of the two projects will increase.
See references Marked for review 72. Which of the following statements describes best the relationship of quality and grade? Low grade is always a problem; low quality may be overcome by a good rework and repair process. Grade is a category or rank given to entities having different functional requirements but the same need for quality. Both quality and grade can often be improved through intelligent measuring, testing and examining. Low quality is always a problem as it bears on the ability of an item to meet requirements; low grade may sometimes be acceptable.
See references Marked for review 73.
Network templates which contain only portions of a network are often referred to as Sub-networks or fragment networks Subprojects Programs WBS items
See references Marked for review 74. You have been asked to calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) of a project? What will you assess? The time period needed to pay back the investment from a project when future income is discounted. The inherent discount rate or investment yield rate produced by the project's deliverables over a pre-defined period of time. The rate of negative risk that can be accepted for a project without turning the expected net present value negative. The expected benefit from a project’s deliverable calculated as a percentage of the original investment over a specified time period.
See references Marked for review 75.
You just created the following network logic diagram to describe the planned flow of activities for your project which will start tomorrow:
Which potential inconsistency in the diagram should you solve right now? Activity E is open ended ( a "dangle") in relation to the finish milestone path convergence. Activity F is open ended in relation to the path divergence after the start milestone. You cannot calculate a critical path when lags and/or leads are calculated in percent. Activities E to F need another task drawn as a hammock to calculate level of effort.
See references Marked for review 2. A company has to make a choice between two projects, because the available resources in money and kind are not sufficient to run both at the same time. Each project would take 9 months and would cost $250,000.
The first project is a process optimization which would result in a cost reduction of $120,000 per year. This benefit would be achieved immediately after the end of the project. The second project would be the development of a new product which could produce the following net profits after the end of the project:
1. year: $ 15,000
2. year: $ 125,000 …show more content…
3. year: $ 220,000
Assumed is a discount rate of 5% per year. Looking at the present values of the benefits of these projects in the first 3 years, what is true? Both projects are equally attractive. The first project is more attractive by app. 7%. The second project is more attractive by app. 5%. The first project is more attractive by app. 3%.
See references Marked for review 3. A production process has been defined as part of an industrial equipment manufacturing project. The process is intended to produce steel bolts with a length of 20 cm. The control limits are 19.955cm and 20.045cm.
The measurements made at the end of the process yielded the following results:
20.033cm, 19.982cm, 19,995cm, 20.006cm, 19.970cm, 19.968cm, 19.963cm, 19.958cm, 19.962cm, 19.979cm, 19.959cm.
What should be done? The process is under control. It should not be adjusted. A special cause should be investigated, the process should be adjusted. The control limits should be adjusted. The measuring equipment should be recalibrated.
See references Marked for review 4. Your project management team includes two external consultants each from a different company. You found that repeated conflicts between the two consultants already slow down project progress and jeopardize achievement of objectives.
Which stage of team development can be difficult to overcome in such a situation? Storming from Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing Panic from Enthusiasm, Panic, Hope, Solution Kickoff from Assignment, Kickoff, Training, Communicating Frustration from Direction, Frustration, Cooperation, Collaboration
See references Marked for review 5. During a project, earned value analysis is performed, resulting in the following numbers:
EV: 523,000; PV: 623,000; AC: 643,000.
Which results are correct?
CV: +120,000; SV: +100,000 CV: +100,000; SV: +120,000 CV: -100,000; SV: -120,000 CV: -120,000; SV: -100,000
See references Marked for review 6. A project manager spent some days to create a multi-page document, which he called project charter. The document should have been issued by the project sponsor. The sponsor found the document outsized and asked for a condensed document.
Which of the following is usually not an element of the project charter? The authority level of the project manager Detailed control account and work package descriptions The business need that the project was undertaken to address High-level risks
See references Marked for review 7. A document called ____________ is created by decomposing the project scope into smaller, more manageable elements. Scope Statement Network Logic Diagram Work Breakdown Structure Requested Change
See references Marked for review 8.
Which of the following tools is used to create a risk management plan?
Risk planning meetings Documentation reviews Data precision rankings Diagramming techniques
See references Marked for review 9. In order to speed up a project, you made a decision to fast-track a phase currently performed with five team members, and another one which was planned to begin in four weeks time with another five team members.
Which of the following activities should you do first? Make sure that all exit criteria of the consecutive phase have been met to ensure the flow of communications in a team situation which is more complex by a factor of 2. Make sure that all entry criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical aptness. Make sure that all exit criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical performance. Restructure your team and delegate tasks in order to ensure the flow of communications in a team with the number of communication channels increased by a factor of 4.5.
See references Marked for review 10. A project manager has been asked to support an internal project request by developing a business case.
What kind of information is the person expected to provide in the document?
The detailed information from a business standpoint to determine whether bidding for the customer project will be successful. The detailed information from a project management standpoint to determine whether the project will be successful. The detailed information from a technical standpoint to determine whether the project will be successful. The necessary information from a business standpoint to determine whether the project is worth the investment.
See references Marked for review 11.
You found the following earned value analysis information for a project that was recently closed-out:
SPI = 0.7, CPI = 1.0
The project has been cancelled while it was executed. At that time the project was behind schedule and on budget. The project's deliverables have all been finished.
The project came in behind schedule but on budget. The project's deliverables have all been finished. The project came in ahead of schedule but on budget. The project's deliverables have all been finished. The project came in on schedule but over budget.
See references Marked for review 12.
Which should be included in a requirements management plan?
The document should trace requirements to project scope / WBS deliverables. It should describe how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported.
It should trace high-level requirements to more detailed requirements. It should trace requirements to business needs, opportunities, goals, and objectives.
See references Marked for review 13. In a traditionally drawn decision tree, a circle represents ___________. a chance to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown. a decision to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown. a chance to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely
pay-off. a decision to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely pay-off.
See references Marked for review 14.
A project management team has subcontracted work to a service company. Which of the following tools is the best choice to assure that this company will be able to meet the quality requirements of the project?
Quality audit Deliverable inspection Fixed price contract Service level agreement
See references Marked for review 15. With your team you are using judgment from subject matter experts to identify and analyze project risks. There is a small number of experts available, but some of them have long been in a teacher-student or manager-assistant relationship.
Which of the following techniques can ensure best that there is no dominating opinion during an expert review?
Peer review SWOT analysis
Delphi technique Monetary value calculation
See references Marked for review 16. You are running a project for a customer based on a cost-reimbursable contract with the following terms: Target costs: $ 1,000,000
Fixed fee: $ 100,000
Benefit/cost sharing: 80% / 20%
Price ceiling: $ 1,200,000
Which is the PTA (= point of total assumption, break point) of the project? $1,300,000 $1,500,000 $80,000 $1,125,000
See references Marked for review 17. During execution of a project which is performed for a customer on a T&M (time and material) contract base, a new project manager is taking over the assignment.
He discovers that two members assigned to the project have charged time without performing any work for the project customer. Upon further investigation, he determines that this occurred because there have been no other project assignments open for these employees. The customer is unaware of these facts.
What should the project manager do?
Try to find some productive work for these staff members in the project and leave them on the team. The best thing is to do nothing. The customer will not realize the problem anyway. Try to find a responsible person for the over-assignment who can be made accountable. Take the two people off the team immediately and arrange for the refund of the excess charges to the customer.
See references Marked for review 18. Start dates in the following network logic diagram are defined as early morning, finish dates are evening.
If tasks are scheduled to begin at early start date, what is true?
Activity B has a free float of 10 d. Activity B has a total float of 10 d. Activity A has a free float of 10 d. Activity A has a total float of 10 d.
See references Marked for review 19. Your project is executed with a globally spread virtual team. The project progress has been found to be too slow. Which measure is most likely to immediately speed up the project? Technical training for all team members Daily phone conferences and detailed reporting A team meeting at a location convenient to all team members Collocation of team members at a suitable place
See references Marked for review 20.
A project management team wants to procure some customized products which are available in identical grade and quality from many vendors. What should be included in the procurement package to ensure that their offers will be comparable? A statement of work describing the needs of the project in sufficient detail to enable vendors to make suitable proposals
A statement of work specifying attributes and metrics of the requested deliverables in detail to allow vendors submission of bids
The approved project scope statement, the WBS which should be broken down to work package level and the WBS dictionary The risk management plan and the reports from those risk management reviews which have been made so far
See references Marked for review 21. Which of the following becomes increasingly important in a virtual team environment? Requirements engineering Communication planning Formal procurements closure Network diagramming
See references Marked for review 22. You are assigned as the project manager to a project which is executed for a customer under FP contract. Your customer informed you this morning that they insist on certain "refinements" of the project scope.
You agree that the requested actions make really sense to the project, but believe that they constitute a major change increasing the project scope. What should you do next?
Accept the request of the customer. Diligently document the additional costs and working hours spent by yourself and the team on the implementation of the change and invoice these to the customer at appropriate rates. Perform earned value analysis to assess the current status of the project and get all the numbers you need to communicate the case to the change control board which then will have to make the best decision regarding the customer request. Check the contract, the project charter, the scope statement and other documents related to the project and the contract. Implement ADR (alternative dispute resolution) procedures if the conflict cannot be resolved otherwise. Talk to the project sales department and find a joint solution with them how to best reject the request considering the commercial and strategic value of the customer to the organization you are working for.
See references Marked for review 23. A prime contractor in a customer project under CPFF contract has run into unexpected technical problems. Fixing them will require a lot of additional work to be done.
The company made a decision to book more staff and equipment from their subcontractors in order to adhere to the agreed timeline. The customer agreed to this decision.
What will most likely happen? The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase and the customer‘s payment for them will increase, too. The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will not increase. The contractor‘s indirect costs will not increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will. Both the contractor's indirect costs and the customer‘s payment for them will not increase.
See references Marked for review 24. A project management team is evaluating the causes that might contribute to unsatisfactory performance and quality. Which of the following statements is not true? Normal process variation is attributable to random causes and sometimes also called "white noise". Special causes are easier to predict and handle than random causes (also called common causes). Special causes are unusual events which are difficult to foresee and often produce outliers. A process can be optimized to limit the bandwidth of variations due to random causes.
See references Marked for review 25. You are performing a project management audit in your company and find that most of the project plans are neither consistent nor up-to-date.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Projects should never be executed without a valid, updated and working project management plan. The consistency of the project management plan is secondary because it is only the results that matter. A great deal of effort is required to develop and update a project plan, but the benefits include less pressure on all stakeholders and a resulting product that will satisfy the requirements. Poor planning and insufficient updating of project management plans are common reasons for cost and time overruns.
See references Marked for review 26. You want to perform active risk acceptance. What should you do? Create contingency reserves in resources, money and time. Develop a plan to minimize impact in case that an identified risk occurs. Develop a plan to minimize the probability of occurrence for identified risks. Make additional resources available to speed up the project.
See references Marked for review 27. A project manager made 3-point estimates on a critical path and found the following results:
Assuming ±3 sigma precision level for each estimate, what is the standard deviation of the allover path? App. 4.2 days App. 5.2 days App. 6.2 days You can not derive the path standard deviation from the information given.
See references Marked for review 28.
When do bidder conferences normally take place? After the contract has been awarded to keep alternatives open. After submission of bid or proposal, but before contract award. Prior to the submission of a bid or proposal by the bidder. After technical meetings with bidders to discuss contract requirements.
See references Marked for review 29. What is defined by control limits? A measuring instrument solely used to describe process capability. The process is found capable if the ±3 sigma range is exceeded by not more than 0.3% of a tested sample lot. The limits of the six sigma area on either side of a control chart to plot measured values; data found outside the area are out of specification and can lead to rejection of an entire batch. The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in statistical quality control The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in quality assurance
See references Marked for review 30.
The scope baseline consists of what? Scope statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary Cost baseline, quality baseline and schedule baseline Configuration management plan and configuration identification document Procurement statement of work and project scope statement
See references Marked for review 31. Activity 1 has a duration of 20 days, activity 2 of 10 days, activity 3 of 5 days and activity 4 of 6 days.
What is the minimum total duration between the milestones A and B?
36 days 37 days 39 days 42 days
See references Marked for review 32.
Which tool and technique is used in the processes Create WBS and Define activities? Nominal group technique Human resource assignment Brainstorming Decomposition
See references Marked for review 33. Which of the following statement(s) on whistleblowing is/are not true?
It is a term used to define an employee’s decision to disclose information on unethical, immoral or illegal actions at work to an authority figure. An employee should always discuss the matter with people external to the company before following the "chain of command" and discuss it with the immediate superior. The consequences of whistleblowing are often extreme and might include being branded as an owner of bad judgment, layoff, civil action and imprisonment. Carefully performed whistleblowing can lead to the end of unethical business practices.
a b b, c c, d
See references Marked for review 34. Which of the following statements is not true? Attribute sampling is the process of assessing whether results conform to specifications or not. Prevention means keeping errors out of the process by applying actions before the process starts changing its input. Variables sampling means that the result is classified into one of the 3 categories:
"acceptable" - "acceptable after rework" - "rejected". Inspection is often mainly done to keep errors out of the hands of the customer instead of as a means of process control.
See references Marked for review 35. Which statement describes best why you should document assumptions? Assumptions might prove to be wrong. Knowing which assumptions were incorrect allows baseline adjustments in case of project crisis. Assumption analysis is a valuable tool and technique to explore the validity of assumptions during risk identification. Assumptions limit the project management team's options for decision making because they can not be controlled by the team. In case of schedule or budget overruns, the documentation of assumptions supports a clear assignment of responsibility.
See references Marked for review 36. Which is normally not regarded as an element of cost of quality? Prevention costs Maintenance cost Appraisal costs Failure costs
See references Marked for review 37. You have recently been assigned as a project manager to a new B-O-T (build, operate, transfer) capital project. Reviewing the initial documentation you found out that it has been calculated with a very small margin during operations of its product for the shareholders. What should you do? As you are not responsible for lifecycle costing, you don't have to worry about operation profits. Focus on project costs from initiation through handover. Ensure maximum profits by buying the best and cheapest items, components and modules―potentially from a big number of different suppliers―and integrating them. Create a realistic plan broken down to a sufficient level of detail. Perform all risk management processes. Ensure real-time communications with all stakeholders. Try to get a second project manager assigned to share decision making and accountability to shareholders with the person.
See references Marked for review 38. A project is handled by departments of an organization and expedited by a project coordinator. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true? The performing organization is a weak matrix. The performing organization is doing "management by projects". The performing organization is a strong matrix. The performing organization is projectized.
See references Marked for review 39. You are project manager in a global project with a team consisting of people from various countries. What can you try to prevent misunderstandings due to cross-cultural differences? Use all communication methods available that are suitable for the team and follow up in writing when communicating verbally. Remember that cultural and individual diversity may help project teams solving unforeseen problems during the course of the project. When you are about to form a team for your project, keep in mind that some cultures are developed, others are more primitive. Some have values, some not. You should consequently avoid choosing members from countries with cultures that are not similar to your own. Cultural dilemmas can prevent any project from being successful. They should therefore be smoothed or suppressed so as to make sure that they cannot disrupt project work. Your effort should concentrate on communication that can help reach that goal. As norms regarding communication habits differ significantly across various cultures, communicating between people from different countries should only be done using language. The nonverbal dimension simply bears too many risks.
See references Marked for review 40. Which statement on conflicts is true? Conflict resolution should focus on people, not issues. Conflict is natural and forces a search for alternatives. Conflict should always be handled in private and not in the team. Too much openness is a common cause of conflict.
See references Marked for review 41. A change request in a project has been rejected some weeks ago. Yesterday, the project manager found out that it nevertheless has been implemented by the team members, who knew of the change request, but not of the rejection.
In order to avoid such a situation, rejected change requests should be consistently communicated to stakeholders through which process?
Report performance Verify scope Perform integrated change control Monitor and control risks
See references Marked for review 42. What is a trigger in project risk management? An expected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur A warning sign that a previously identified risk might be occurring or has occurred An unexpected situation causing an identified risk to occur An unexpected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur
See references Marked for review 43. According to the project plan, a contractor is scheduled to deliver some software components today afternoon. A regular payment is due to be made to this contractor tomorrow.
You and your project team received a note this morning informing you that the software delivery will be delayed by 2 weeks.
What should you do right now?
You should delay the payment also for 2 weeks. You must immediately find a different contractor. You should conduct a meeting with the contractor to resolve the delivery issues before making the payment. You should make the payment and reschedule the project plan.
See references Marked for review 44. In a software company a large number of simultaneously performed projects utilize the same groups of human and other resources.
What is the term commonly used for this situation?
Concurrent engineering Resource over-allocation Resource pooling Program management
See references Marked for review 45. What does the acronym RACI commonly stand for in project management? Responsible, Accountable, to be Consulted, to be Informed Remote, Attached, Connected, Integrated Risk Analysis and Caution Initiative Randomly Accessible Cashflow Information
See references Marked for review 46. You have used estimates made by your team members and applied the critical path method to compute a network logic diagram for your project. Then you found out that it cannot be sufficiently optimized for scarce resources and fast progress towards a given deadline. What should you do next? Apply resource leveling heuristics to uncritical activities only. Reduce estimates on duration and work efforts by an adequate percentage. Apply Three-point estimation and critical chain project management. Remove physical constraints and replace hard logic with soft logic.
See references Marked for review 47. Liquidated damages (LDs) are contractually agreed payments in order to... ...give the contractor an incentive to meet an aggressive schedule or challenging quality objectives. ...penalize the contractor for late completion of a project or failure to meet specifications. ...cover the customer's costs caused by late completion or failure to meet specifications by the contractor. ...make a bid or proposal binding for the offerer while the customer has time to select among various bidders.
See references Marked for review 48. What should not be covered by a risk management plan? Roles and responsibilities for handling project risks Timing of project risk management activities The methodological approach used for risk management Individual risks and potential responses to them
See references Marked for review 49. You are assigned as the project manager to a project which had a one-time cost variance in the past caused by unexpected rework which has meanwhile been finished.
You perform earned value analysis and get the following results:
EV: 250,000; PV: 200,000; AC 275,000
BAC is 500,000.
What is right?
EAC = 550,000 EAC = 525,000 EAC = 500,000 EAC = 425,000
See references Marked for review 50. An estimation has been made that the construction of a residential home will cost a certain amount per square foot of living area. This is an example of what type of estimating? Analogous estimating Bottom-up estimating Top-down estimating Parametric estimating
See references Marked for review 51. What is true for prototypes? Prototyping causes significant costs and should be avoided wherever possible. They are tangible and allow for early feedback on requirements by stakeholders. Prototypes are mostly developed toward the end of a design or build phase. Prototypes increase the risk of misunderstandings between developers and users.
See references Marked for review 52. What is a constructive change?
A change request that helps improving the project and its product, service or result and is discussed generally in a friendly style. A direction by the buyer or an action taken by the seller that the other party considers an undocumented change to the contract. A field change or ad-hoc change mandated by the project customer in a public construction project. A change request which will lead to the re-construction of an older version of the project performance baseline by the contractor.
See references Marked for review 53. Which of the following is generally not regarded to be a motivator according to Frederick Herzberg? Working conditions and interpersonal relations Responsibility for enlarged task Interest in the task Recognition for achievement
See references Marked for review 54. What is true for modern project management? Project managers need... ... to have a strict standing in negotiating ... to show experience in tricking business partners ... to be team players and facilitators instead of "bosses" ... to be strongly linked to local traditions
See references Marked for review 55. You are the project manager in an engineering project and have recently signed a contract with a software vendor for the development of a complicated control solution. The software will be used to control machinery equipment which your project team is currently developing. The contract is a lump-sum contract. The contractor has target cost estimated which seem rather low to you. Which of the following statements is not true for this situation? It is the contractor's risk in this type of contract that their profit may vanish if costs have been underestimated. This form of contract should only be chosen when all the requirements for the building of the product are well-known by all parties involved. In a fixed-price contract, change requests can cause issues regarding additional time and extra costs for the changes to be applied. It is likely that your organization may have to assume any unexpected additional costs for the software development.
See references Marked for review 56.
A review to determine whether of project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures is commonly called Quality auditing Inspection Quality testing Reject screening
See references Marked for review 57. Which of the following is true regarding the code of accounts? It allows one to easily identify the breakdown level of the item in the resource structure. It describes the coding structure used by the performing organization to report financial information in its general ledger. It is the collection of unique identifiers generally assigned to WBS items. It defines ethical behavior in the project and the responsibilities to the customer and the profession.
See references Marked for review 58. You are the manager of your company's project management office. The company is running many concurrent projects; most of them share a resource pool of technical staff. Understanding how resources are utilized across projects has been found essential to overall project performance, including cost effectiveness and profitability.
This morning you received a message that the resource pool members will be unable to perform as planned for the next months because the overall work load has grown too high and while delays are adding up, the morale of the staff is going down.
What should you do next? Ensure that quantitative information for all projects is being made available in a uniform and reliable fashion and verify that the project management methodology is adhered to. Then consolidate the information to get an understanding of the problems related with the use of shared resources. Implement an enterprise project management software solution which is able to level the human resources across the various projects and which has the capability to model resource assignment on a percentage level thus optimizing resource utilization for the overall organization. Do nothing related to the described problem unless you are explicitly requested by the organizations upper management. Supporting decision making on the level on which project portfolio management is done, is not the project management office's business. Evaluate project management software which supports planning and scheduling across enterprise-wide project portfolios. Avoid managing the availability of shared enterprise resources for the projects run by an organization because this is not the business of a project management office.
See references Marked for review 59.
You have been criticized that certain specifications in your scope statement do not pass the test for SMART objectives. What are SMART objectives? Objectives specified in far more detail than necessary for a execution of a successful project. Easily achievable objectives which help you reducing the pressure on yourself and the team. Objectives that should be achieved in order to attain formal recognition by both the customer and the project sponsor. Objectives that are described using specific, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-related specifications.
See references Marked for review 60. You have been assigned as a project manager to a software project. While you and your team are working on a WBS (work breakdown structure), estimations for activity durations based on the activity list vary significantly. Which additional documents may help you clarify this situation?
Milestone list and scope baseline. Project schedule network diagrams and human resource plan. Activity cost estimates and scope baseline. Activity attributes and project scope statement.
See references Marked for review 61. You are performing earned value technique on your project.
After budget approval, an additional and unexpected cost item has been identified, which made the project more expensive some weeks ago. The item has meanwhile been paid by the project team, and it is expected that for the remaining duration of the project, costs will be as budgeted.
In this case, which is the best formula to calculate EaC (Estimate at Completion)? EaC = BaC - CV EaC = BaC / CPI EaC = AC + BtC / CV You can not compute the EaC.
See references Marked for review 62. During a company event, you had the opportunity to talk to a colleague project manager. He told you that in his current project actual costs are 15% under cumulated costs budgeted for today.
What do you think?
The information given to you by the colleague is not sufficient to assess project performance. The project will probably be completed with total costs remaining under budget until the end. A significant cost increase during the further course of the project will probably bring the costs back to baseline level. Original cost forecasting and budgeting for the project must have been poor to allow this variance.
See references Marked for review 63. What is the meaning of a concept called the "Journey to Abilene"? Project managers should visit their customers far more often than what is usual in order to avoid misunderstandings and bad emotions. International projects may have an increased need for traveling which can lead to additional costs and troubles with time zones. Committee decisions can have the paradox outcome, that a jointly made or approved decision is not desired by any individual group member. A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. Repeating it would be similar to making the same journey twice.
See references Marked for review 64. Which of the following statements describes best the relationship between project phases and the project life cycle? The project life cycle includes the time when the project is performed and the expected product lifespan after that. In project management, the sequence of project phases and phase gates is often referred to as project life cycle. The project life cycle is regarded as a sequence of project activities while phases are defined to control overlapping activities. The project life cycle describes how iterations of project management processes are used when a project schedule is developed.
See references Marked for review 65.
Which is an appropriate order in most project situations for the development of scope-related documents? 1. Project SOW (statement of work),
2. Project charter,
3. Project scope management plan,
4. Project scope statement,
5. WBS (work breakdown structure) and WBS dictionary. 1. Work breakdown structure,
2. Scope statement,
3. Project charter,
4. CSOW (contractual statement of work),
5. Contractual work breakdown structure 1. Feasibility study
3. Contract,
4. CWBS (contractual work breakdown structure),
5. Scope of work descriptions,
6. PID (project initiation document). 1. BOM (Bill of materials),
2. CAP (control account plan),
3. Project charter
4. Change management plan,
5. Scope baseline.
See references Marked for review 66. What is the S-curve in project management?
A graph that is generated if a normal curve is integrated. A graph that is to be integrated to generate a normal curve. A metaphoric description of the short term uncertainties that are present in every project. The graph that describes the typical growth of earned value during the course of the project.
See references Marked for review 67.
An output of the process Estimate activity resources is a document called "activity resource requirements". It identifies the types and quantities of resources...
...while the term resources is limited to equipment and materials. ...required for each activity in a work package. ...while the term resources is limited to human resources. ...to be obtained solely from the performing organization.
See references Marked for review 68.
What is not the purpose of configuration control when configuration management is applied in a project?
Verification that the configuration identification for a configuration item is accurate, complete, and will meet specified program needs.
Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully analyzed. Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully documented. Managing and controlling the frequently requested changes to a project by applying agreed rules.
See references Marked for review 69.
Which statement describes best the meaning of the term cost baseline? A cost baseline is always created by translating time-phased cost information into cost data on activity or work-package level. A cost baseline is an approved time-phased budget that will be used to measure and monitor cost performance on the project. Data to draw a cost baseline can be easily generated and updated as necessary from information related to actual project cost. A cost baseline is usually displayed in the form of an inverse S-curve drawn from the beginning of the project until data date.
See references Marked for review 70. Which is not true in regard of RoI (return on investment) for a project? It defines the cumulated net income from an investment at a given point in time or during a defined period. It includes investment, direct and indirect costs and may include allowances for capital cost, depreciation, risk of loss, and/or inflation. It is most commonly stated as a percentage of the investment or as a dimensionless index figure. It is the time when cumulated net income is equal to the investment.
See references Marked for review 71.
A project sponsor requested earned value data on two concurrent projects from the project managers. Both projects are regarded as equally important and strategically beneficial and have been finished by over 80%. He received the following information:
Project A: PV: $1,800,000 EV: $2,300,000 AC: $2,100,000
Project B: PV: $2,000,000 EV: $1,500,000 AC: $1,600,000
The sponsor considers to shift some resources from project A to project B to speed up the second project which is currently behind schedule.
What is the most likely outcome of such a measure?
Changing team assignments during late course of a project typically increases cost efficiency. Changing team assignments during late course of a project typically increases time efficiency.
According to the law of diminishing returns, the consolidated cost variance of the two projects will decrease.
According to the law of diminishing returns, the consolidated cost variance of the two projects will increase.
See references Marked for review 72. Which of the following statements describes best the relationship of quality and grade? Low grade is always a problem; low quality may be overcome by a good rework and repair process. Grade is a category or rank given to entities having different functional requirements but the same need for quality. Both quality and grade can often be improved through intelligent measuring, testing and examining. Low quality is always a problem as it bears on the ability of an item to meet requirements; low grade may sometimes be acceptable.
See references Marked for review 73.
Network templates which contain only portions of a network are often referred to as Sub-networks or fragment networks Subprojects Programs WBS items
See references Marked for review 74. You have been asked to calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) of a project? What will you assess? The time period needed to pay back the investment from a project when future income is discounted. The inherent discount rate or investment yield rate produced by the project's deliverables over a pre-defined period of time. The rate of negative risk that can be accepted for a project without turning the expected net present value negative. The expected benefit from a project’s deliverable calculated as a percentage of the original investment over a specified time period.
See references Marked for review 75.
You just created the following network logic diagram to describe the planned flow of activities for your project which will start tomorrow:
Which potential inconsistency in the diagram should you solve right now? Activity E is open ended ( a "dangle") in relation to the finish milestone path convergence. Activity F is open ended in relation to the path divergence after the start milestone. You cannot calculate a critical path when lags and/or leads are calculated in percent. Activities E to F need another task drawn as a hammock to calculate level of effort.