The forces holding the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus are called nuclear forces. Nuclear forces have a very short range (about one trillionth of a centimetre) but are comparatively strong (about one million times as strong as the electromagnetic forces between two masses). In both fission and fusion , the total mass of the original nucleus or nuclei is greater than the total mass of the end products. According to Einstein’ s formula E=mc2, the energy
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