Nursing Theory Comparison Essay
There are many astounding nurse theorists with amazing, influential theories for any nurse to integrate into their practice. Every nurse has had one or more theorists that they can relate to more than another throughout their profession. For this nurse, Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing and Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory are two nursing theories that have made an impact in my practice. Within this paper, an understanding of each theory and a contrast and comparison of the two theories will be completed.
Sister Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976. This model takes a holistic approach. It asks three main questions in regard to nursing care: Whom is it for? What is the goal? and When is it needed? The model is based on three broad concepts: person, nurse, and adaptation. Adaptation is broken into four subcategories: “physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence” ("Sister Callista Roy," 2016, p. 1). Physiological refers to the basic needs a human requires to function. Self-concept refers to the way a person views …show more content…
themselves, physically and spiritually. Role function involves where a person views themselves in a social setting, such as their family. Interdependence is how a person receives and gives emotions (Vaz da Costa, Araujo Luz, Freire Bezerra, & Santiago da Rocha, 2016). One must first understand these concepts, to understand the goal of the model. The goal is for the nurse to assist the patient with adaption in all areas when an illness presents. When adaptation is achieved, a healthy and healing environment can occur (Cherry & Jacob, 2014).
The Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, also known as the Orem Model of Nursing, was developed between the years of 1959 and 2001 by Dorothea Orem. This grand nursing theory’s philosophy is based on the concept that “all patients want to care for themselves” ("Dorothea Orem," 2016, p. 1). Orem divides self-care concepts into three categories: universal, developmental, and health deviation. Universal concepts refer to a human’s basic survival needs, such as air, food, rest, etc. Developmental concepts are broken into two separate categories: maturational, which refers to factors such as age and gender and situational, which refers to factors such as family and cultural (Punjani, 2013). Health deviation concepts are things that may arise due to the patient’s illness. When a deficit occurs in any of these areas, the nurse should allow the patient to perform what he/she can and then intervene to assist the patient to complete the task. The goal of this theory “is to restore the client’s self-care capability to enable him or her to sustain structural reliability, performance, and growth through purposeful nursing interventions” (Cherry & Jacob, 2014, p. 83).
There are multiple similarities between these two theories.
“Orem and Roy both support health promotion and health maintenance” (Punjani, 2013, p.3). Both of these theories, take a holistic approach when caring for the patient, not just focusing on the illness at hand, but their environment. These theories agree that a patient’s environment plays a key role in how they cope and function. Even though there are similarities between these two theories, the differences are what set them apart. The major difference between the two theories is the role of the nurse. Orem views the nurse as an interventionist. The nurse only provides assistance to the patient, when the patient can no longer do for themselves. Roy, on the other hand, views the nurse as an advocate for the patient. The nurse helps to manipulate the concepts to make a positive experience for the patient (Punjani,
2013).
These theories can be used in a variety of nursing situations. Nurses can easily integrate these theories into their practice as needed. With research into these theories, it becomes apparent that in order to provide the best care possible in a situation, not just the patient needs to be taken into consideration. A positive environment makes a huge difference in the life and wellness of the patient.
Sister Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976. This model takes a holistic approach. It asks three main questions in regard to nursing care: Whom is it for? What is the goal? and When is it needed? The model is based on three broad concepts: person, nurse, and adaptation. Adaptation is broken into four subcategories: “physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence” ("Sister Callista Roy," 2016, p. 1). Physiological refers to the basic needs a human requires to function. Self-concept refers to the way a person views …show more content…
themselves, physically and spiritually. Role function involves where a person views themselves in a social setting, such as their family. Interdependence is how a person receives and gives emotions (Vaz da Costa, Araujo Luz, Freire Bezerra, & Santiago da Rocha, 2016). One must first understand these concepts, to understand the goal of the model. The goal is for the nurse to assist the patient with adaption in all areas when an illness presents. When adaptation is achieved, a healthy and healing environment can occur (Cherry & Jacob, 2014).
The Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, also known as the Orem Model of Nursing, was developed between the years of 1959 and 2001 by Dorothea Orem. This grand nursing theory’s philosophy is based on the concept that “all patients want to care for themselves” ("Dorothea Orem," 2016, p. 1). Orem divides self-care concepts into three categories: universal, developmental, and health deviation. Universal concepts refer to a human’s basic survival needs, such as air, food, rest, etc. Developmental concepts are broken into two separate categories: maturational, which refers to factors such as age and gender and situational, which refers to factors such as family and cultural (Punjani, 2013). Health deviation concepts are things that may arise due to the patient’s illness. When a deficit occurs in any of these areas, the nurse should allow the patient to perform what he/she can and then intervene to assist the patient to complete the task. The goal of this theory “is to restore the client’s self-care capability to enable him or her to sustain structural reliability, performance, and growth through purposeful nursing interventions” (Cherry & Jacob, 2014, p. 83).
There are multiple similarities between these two theories.
“Orem and Roy both support health promotion and health maintenance” (Punjani, 2013, p.3). Both of these theories, take a holistic approach when caring for the patient, not just focusing on the illness at hand, but their environment. These theories agree that a patient’s environment plays a key role in how they cope and function. Even though there are similarities between these two theories, the differences are what set them apart. The major difference between the two theories is the role of the nurse. Orem views the nurse as an interventionist. The nurse only provides assistance to the patient, when the patient can no longer do for themselves. Roy, on the other hand, views the nurse as an advocate for the patient. The nurse helps to manipulate the concepts to make a positive experience for the patient (Punjani,
2013).
These theories can be used in a variety of nursing situations. Nurses can easily integrate these theories into their practice as needed. With research into these theories, it becomes apparent that in order to provide the best care possible in a situation, not just the patient needs to be taken into consideration. A positive environment makes a huge difference in the life and wellness of the patient.