In 1950, the U.S. government outlined their foreign policy and military objectives regarding the cold war in a memorandum called NSC-68. NSC-68 contradicts Truman’s containment plan as it explains that “it is necessary to have a the military power to deter and to defeat aggressive Soviet or Soviet-directed actions of a limited or total character” (219). Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb exposes the aggressive nature of NSC-68 and its potential consequences by making connections to the holocaust. In Dr. Strangelove President Muffley represents the values Truman’s containment policy and General Turgidson represents the values of NSC-68.…
In the chapter 25, since America ended the World War II after they dropped the atomic bomb in Japanese continent, America confronted the communist, especially Soviet from 1946 to 1952. Through this confrontation between America and Soviet, the cold war begun around the world. Since the Soviets tried to reinforce opposing goals that were against American vision in Eastern Europe, the Soviets forced pressured Eastern Europe to make communism. However, fortunately, the Truman Doctrine helped those nations to stop being communism, and the Marshall Plan made the Truman Doctrine extended to all of Europe. In 1948, the cold war tension was accelerated by the Berlin Blockade. The soviet wanted West Germany to abandon the western part, but since the Berlin Airlift was succeeded, it brought huge victory for the U.S. In 1949, NATO was built to protect Western Europe from communism. In 1947, the United States legislated the National Security Act to prevent the communism all over the world. On the one hand, the U.S also tried to expand some interests in Latin America. Through the Rio Pact in 1947, Latin Americans got collective security from America. Since America didn’t have much oil for…
A development that could have been preventable through possible disarmament negotiations after the war, had the US not underestimated the USSR. Considering the aftermath of World War II, the USSR had lost an estimate of 22 million lives and had large decimated areas of land. The US couldn’t possibly see the USSR as a military threat due to the heavy casualties the nation had sustained. In all likeliness, the US may have thought that “nuclear diplomacy” would be enough to quell the USSR if the need arose. A decade later the USSR had displayed its very own jet-bomber called the Mya-4 “Bison”. In 1955, an American air force attache, had observed twice the number of Bisons that were estimated to have been made. This jet-bomber was far more capable of inflicting injury upon the US than the Tu-4, and to further the anxiety of the US, the USSR had detonated its first thermonuclear weapon in…
With the end of World War 2 came the Cold war with many controversies even between former allies. Communist Russia forced control over their section that was gained in the Potsdam conference. They set up many barriers around their portion of East Berlin and eventually around East Germany. America had dropped the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and a new technology been revealed as a massive, deadly weapon that could wipe out thousands instantly, it was now an arms race. “Push of a button in Russia, and 35 minutes later much of U.S. could be laid to waste—with power to retaliate limited.” (Document E)…
After supporting the New Look policy for most of his term, he came to the realization that it was a policy, that if utilized, it would only bring destruction since there were no nuclear weapons that could contain damage as he thought (174). This transformation reveals that he realized that the previous policy was not as effective as he thought and he was willing to admit that he was wrong, but he had convinced Eisenhower early on of the policy’s significance that he could not change the president’s mind (182). Overall, Dulles’s time as secretary of state was well spent, regardless of the fact he often resorted to hyperboles. He was able to shape foreign policy for the remainder of the Cold War by providing examples of both his successes and failures in foreign policy. Dulles was the mastermind behind the administration because no one else had the audacity to provide the same advice that he did to the president, who in turn, could not reach the same conclusions without Dulles.…
How successfully did Eisenhower’s administration address Cold War fears after WWII from 1948 to 1961?…
Eisenhower and his administration soon after the spread of communism developed a new policy. This policy was developed from Eisenhower's new program called the New Look. Eisenhower's new plan involved threat of using nuclear weapons as a form of containment. The policy of Eisenhower's had potentially dangerous results however. In the case of an actual Communist action, the US would only be able to respond with nuclear war, or to devise a new plan. This also encouraged the Soviets to increase funding and time to their research, shown in a US News and World Report(1957). With Eisenhower's New Look, the United States would be prepared for Communism of any form. When the American public became informed of Soviet nuclear technology rumors of another war became rampant. Eisenhower's relief came with the FCDA insuring safety to the public if preparations were made. The relief of the FCDA came in the form of bomb shelters(sealed barricades to preserve life for an extended period of time from such an attack), displayed in Life Magazine(1955). Along with nuclear technology the American public feared the Soviets were more advanced due to their progress in the "Space Race." To…
“Assess the significance of the Truman Doctrine for the origins and development of the cold war”…
Some authors, outraged at the determination to use atomic weaponry, have speculated that Truman decision was based upon diplomatic problems concerning the Soviet Union. These critics have argued that Truman used atomic weaponry in order to make the Soviet Union more likely to adhere to an American viewpoint of the post-war world. They also contend that the atomic bomb was used because of its ability to bring about the end of the war before the Soviet Union had a chance to occupy Manchuria. The most critical of these scholars have gone as far as to say that the decision to use the bomb in order to intimidate the Soviet Union was the first step towards the Cold War.…
In 1946, in his famous “Long Telegram,” George Keenan (diplomat) explained the policy: “The Soviet Union, he wrote was a “political force committed fanatically to the belief that with the U.S. there can be not permanent modus vivendi.” As a result, America’s only choice was the long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.” President Harry Truman was the first American president to fight the Cold War. He used several policies, however the most famous was the Truman Doctrine. This plan would give money and military aid to countries threatened by communism.…
Faced with the evidence of Soviet nuclear-capable weapons in Cuba, Kennedy found his available methods of response limited. There were several factors that likely weighed heavily on Kennedy’s mind as he debated what action to take. First, the humiliation of the failed Bay of Pigs invasion attempt still resonated in the President’s mind. Kennedy believed he could not risk another disaster in Cuba without crippling U.S. prestige as well as his own. Second, during the 1960 Presidential election, John F. Kennedy made the “missile gap” between the U.S. and USSR as a major topic of his campaigning rhetoric. If the Soviets successfully established nuclear missile silos, he would appear to have failed to uphold his commitments to the American people. Third, the Joint Chief of Staff put severe pressure on President Kennedy not only to react militarily to the Soviet’s missile deployment in Cuba, but suggested that the president authorize an airstrike on the Soviet missile bases. Lastly, and perhaps the important factor that kept President Kennedy from escalating the crisis into a direct conflict, was his fear of Soviet retaliation for an American attack on Soviet or Cuban military assets or personnel. Instead of authorizing military intervention, President Kennedy sought to resolve the…
The focused deterrence theory is having a direct approach with offenders to help prevent violence and have a stronger response to the ones committing crimes by pulling all legal levers against them. The focus tends to be for high offenders which are drug dealers and gang members. Gangs are notified that violence is not to be tolerated and if violence still happens then serious measures will bring a certain and immediate response. It is used to put a perimeter in the views of offenders. This helps prevent future organizations from forming due to the impact of the severity of punishments that await any offenders. This helps keep gangs and drug dealers under low profile and help keep the streets cleaner. These specific crimes are less likely to happen.…
The atomic bomb is the subject of much controversy. Since its first detonation in 1945, the entire world has heard the aftershocks of that blast. Issues concerning Nuclear Weapons sparked the Cold War. We also have the atomic bomb to thank for our relative peace in this time due to the fear of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The effects of the atomic bomb might not have been the exact effects that the United States was looking for when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively (Grant, 1998). The original desire of the United States government when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not, in fact, the one more commonly known: that the two nuclear devices dropped upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki were detonated with the intention of bringing an end to the war with Japan, but instead to intimidate the Soviet Union. The fact of Japan's imminent defeat, the undeniable truth that relations with Russia were deteriorating, and competition for the division of Europe prove this without question.…
The mentality of the Cold War greatly affected the decisions made by the Presidents that held the office from 1950 to 1974. The main thought that prevailed from the beginning of the Cold War was containment. It was the main goal of the United States to contain the spread of Communism whenever possible. “Brinkmanship” was the first major policy that was employed by the United States in the effort to stop the spread of Communism throughout the world. President Eisenhower’s Secretary of State John Foster Dulles coined the term “Brinkmanship”, which simply stated means using the military to push things to the brink of war without actually going to war. This was often used to intimidate the Soviet Union into backing down during the early part of the Cold War era. President Kennedy would take a slightly more flexible stance in terms of retaliation should an attack occur. However, it wouldn’t be until President Nixon took office that the metaphorical waters between the US and the Soviet Union would begin to calm.…
Different people could have very different point of view about forgiveness, especially for the large-scale crimes like massacring Jewish during the World War II. However, different writers and scholars give different opinions about the forgiveness. Christopher Hollis, known as a university teacher and conservative politician, has different opinions about forgiveness of Large-scale Criminal with me. Hollis argues that victims should forgive about what criminal have done because of religious reasons but I think those offences should not be forgiven if they are done on purpose because forgiveness is helpless for the reality. The difference arguments…