A number of authors have noted obstacles in the implementation of TQM in HE. These obstacles include lack of agreement on defining customer of HEIs, meaning of quality and academic freedom, and unique nature of academic processes. According to TQM’s assurance on customer may lead to conflict with those who traditionally have been considered the guardians of academic quality and academic standards. These difficulties underline the required to recognize TQM implementation from viewpoint, different from those that have shaped traditional TQM research. In special, how the TQM principles—having origin in manufacturing strip — stratify in HE, So the application of total quality management system in higher education faces some …show more content…
2 Organizational and Cultural Transformation: different businesses that have been able to change its culture after the implementation of Total Quality Management, team work, contribution of workers, focus on the customer, higher education institutions have unchangeable conventional cultures. They also have an impedance to change.
3 Identify the Customer: In businesses, customer allegiance is very significant, because the repeated shopping of a loyal customer to a certain institution has a direct impact on profitability; while in higher education, the study is the single activity through the life of the student (customer). If we consider, employers as customers, their repeated purchase of the university means that they employ annually this university graduate.
(Yakoubi,K, 2013) & (Asif, M& Awan, M &Khan,M & Ahmad,N, …show more content…
In one of the latest reports (EC) European Commission suggests that Greek education systematically insists on not taking into account the needs of the labor market, and keeps producing ‘people that hold qualifications that are not relevant to the needs of the labor market, thereby contributing to a consistent high level of unemployment.
Higher education institutions are increasingly recognizing that higher education is a service industry, and are placing greater emphasis on meeting the expectations and needs of their participating customers, i.e. the students (Sakthivel, B, 2005)
Education plays an increasingly important role in preparing new labor market entrants for the workforce and providing skill upgrading throughout the working career. The vital role of education is propelled by the rapid pace of technological change, as well as the interdependent, global economy, forces that together demand a workforce with the capacity for leadership, problem solving, and collaboration and communication in a wide range of economic sectors. Within this context, the education and workforce development systems are critical for supporting human capital development throughout the life