A reflux condenser was assembled using a 25-mL round-bottom flask, hot plate, and aluminum block. It was equipped with a drying tube filled with calcium chloride to control vapors. Approximately 2.5 mL of isopentyl alcohol was massed and placed in the round-bottom flask that contained a stir bar. Using the same graduated cylinder, about 3.5 mL of glacial acetic acid was added to the flask. A calibrated Pasteur pipet was used to add 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to the flask and the flask was mixed immediately. The flask was connected to the apparatus and covered with aluminum foil to help retain heat. Using rubber tubing, water was circulated into the lower attachment and out the top attachment and the mixture was brought to a boil. After heating under reflux for 60-75 minutes, the flask was removed from the heating source and left to cool down to room temperature. The reaction mixture from the flask was transferred to a culture tube and 5-mL of water was added. Upon addition of water, careful shaking, and occasional venting, the phases separated and the lower aqueous layer was removed and discarded. Using the same procedure as explained above with water, 2.5 mL of aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added and the lower aqueous layer was again removed and discarded. The same procedure was repeated one last time with 2.5 mL of saturated aqueous sodium chloride and the lower aqueous layer was removed and discarded, leaving behind the crude ester. The crude ester was transferred to…
We placed the zinc inside the beaker and slowly poured the hydrochloric acid into the beaker. As soon as the acid entered the beaker, there was a sizzling sound and bubbles started to form as we add more of the substance in. When the bubbles were forming, we could see a steam of gas coming out of the beaker. After 10 minutes, we noticed bits of zinc were floating on top of the hydrochloric acid and lining the beaker. I lifted the beaker and felt the bottom and it felt warm, which meant the reaction was still happening. After 20 minutes, we added water into the zinc and hydrochloric acid to stop the reaction and we observed a slight cloudy colour (still clear) forming as we slowly pour the water in the beaker.…
Experiment 1: Bromination of Acetanilide1 Precautions: Ethanol is flammable Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent and releases toxic fumes (handle in fume hood) Acetic acid is corrosive, harmful if inhaled, flammable and can cause burns (handle in fume hood) Gloves are recommended to avoid chemical contact with skin Reaction Scheme: Conversion of acetanilide to p-bromoacetanilide…
The LOP is supported by some important research by Craik and Tulving (1975). They showed how elaboration could lead to greater recall. Words used to fill in blanks in more complex sentences were twice as well recalled than those that fitted in to simple sentences. The greater meaning given by the added complexity enabled deeper processing. Further support for LOP comes from Mandler (1967) who showed that when sorting playing cards, participants who sorted their cards into…
1. Develop hypotheses predicting the effect of pyrite and coal on the acidity of water?…
Members of the Evelyn Wood Reading Program make it their goal to teach others how to at least double their reading rate, increase understanding, concentration and overall assist the student understanding good methods for note-taking, test-taking, and studying. They begin with sub-vocal linear reading, and progress to efficiently flying through the material in an orderly fashion and continue to add reading exercises to increase the reader’s average words-per-minute. The author, Stanley D. Frank, encourages the reader to find a quiet setting in which he/she can concentrate well, along with arranging schedules to follow, and setting aside small study sessions after setting a personalized goal for the project. Logical notes can be achieved by recall patterns, which allow organization by creating patterns from the key concepts, important words, and information taught. Along with note-taking, supersonic reading is highly encouraged by reading only with the eyes, understanding the big pictures, and using underlining to read faster and decrease other distractions. In order to write a paper with supersonic writing, the instructors of the Evelyn Wood program encourage writers to carefully organize their information before writing the first and final draft. The Evelyn Wood program takes into account that test-taking is just as important as swift reading and writing. They assist readers in…
References: Clay, M. (2002). Taking records of reading continuous texts ' 2nd edition. In An observation…
MATERIALS AND METHODS This experiment contained two parts, a “PART A” consisting of blood pressure measurements, and a “PART B” consisting of linear displacement measurements. The equipment used in “PART A” consisted of an OMRON manual sphygmomanometer with a stethoscope attachment as the manual blood pressure meter, and a ReliOn Manual Inflation Blood Pressure Monitor model HEM-412CREL as the automated blood pressure meter.…
Some of the strategies for taking in information include making lists, taking notes which are often verbatim, referring to reference material such as dictionaries, manuals, and websites and receiving handouts to read (Fleming, 2011b). An example of applying these strategies would be in a classroom setting. While the author is listening to the lecture, she is also taking notes to review at a later time. Making lists has become a daily part of life for this author as it is a way of organizing information. To be able to understand and process information or details the author tends to write words repetitively, re-read notes multiple times, and organize information in a way that is easily…
104 Distance Education University students took part in this study, as part of an assignment to analyse the effect of Interference when completing the Stroop task. Participants were given a series of stimulus to set up the experiment. Each person had a turn of being both the participant and the experimenter. A series of four timed tests were given to individuals who required them to read out aloud the colours that were written on the page. The hypotheses being tested were; interference would be seen when trying to read word…
Duncan MacDougall held an experiment to prove souls have weight. This was bad science therefore his experiment was invalid. In order to show that MacDougall’s experiment was poorly done, the testing of something supernatural, him trying to prove souls have weight, and only using four out of six tests are all seen as key factors.…
2. Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that most of the higher age (grade) group and girls would correctly read a paragraph of words with jumbled text. I believe that this is because with age our brain develops to make up words faster even if the words have letters with jumbled text. Also, I think that the girls would give a better response in the experiment as they usually are keen readers and read a lot.…
After I completed the activity on p. 139 in my textbook, I found that multi-tasking is not for me. Honestly, I was already aware of the fact that I am able to perform at a much higher rate when I am not trying to multi-task, but now I understand the reasons why. When I read focused solely on the text with no distractions whatsoever, the amount of information I was able to store and reproduce was quite impressive if I must say. The main reason for this was for focused awareness. This is the sate when one is at their utmost potential for performance since they are heavily engaged in one task (Nevid, 2015). However, when I attempted to read the next page of the text while listening to some of my favorite music, the results were pathetic. In fact, I had to go back over the text after I completed the experiment so that I could actually learn what the text was saying.…
While language is instinctive, reading must be learned; studies show that our mental circuitry is mapped differently dependent on the language we are reading. This suggests these circuits will be mapped differently when we learn via media and technology as opposed to reading printed material. Similarly Friedrich…
The article “Reading Techniques Help Students Master Science.” wrote by Diep, is an information text about the relationship between the reading techniques and understanding science. Diep argues that good reading skills really have a positive influence on the students’ abilities of learning science. He took Black’s an educational experience as an example to explain the reason that some students got puzzled in her classes or cannot get a good grade was that they did not know how to read the textbooks. For their lack of reading techniques, they had a problem in grasping the crux and understanding the organization of an article. Also, he cited a study research of 1651 high school students to prove that the reading abilities are the same as or more important than the basic science knowledge. So it is much important to improve the students’ reading skills when they are learning science text. According to Gomez, a psychologist of UC, reading techniques have more benefits over students in science than other discipline. Furthermore, a research group in Purdue University did a survey about the Diep’s theory. They divided 80 college students into several groups and each group was given a different reading strategy for reading texts about sea otters. After observing all the students’ reaction on recalling what they read about sea otters a week ago, they found that the students with a reading strategy of read-and-type circle performed better than others(Para.6). So they concluded that different reading techniques do have a different influence on students. And Gomez listed three most useful reading strategies, annotation, T-charting, and summarization (Para.8). Later they applied these three strategies to a study over 860 students, they…