Operant Conditioning: Developed By B. F.
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning was invented by B.F. Skinner. This was based on positive and negative reinforcement of conditioning and punishment. Operant conditioning is a rise and decrease in response behaviour in relation to different types of reward and punishment systems.
Skinner showed how positive reinforcement worked by putting a hungry rat in his Skinner box. The box contained a lever on the side and as the rat moved about the box it would accidentally knock the lever, a food pellet would drop into a container next to the lever. The rats rapidly learned to go straight to the lever after a little while being put in the box. The result of receiving food if they pushed the lever made them repeat the action continually. For example a child gets too got to the shops and is allowed to buy anything they like.
Negative reinforcement this is when an unpleasant stimulus is the removed which is ‘rewarding’ to the animal or human being. Negative reinforcement strengthens behaviour because it …show more content…
removes a negative experience. For example giving children and extended and later bed time.
Skinner showed how negative reinforcement worked by placing a rat in his Skinner box and then exposing it to an unpleasant electric current which caused the rat some distress. Accidentally as the rat moved about the box it would knock the lever. Instantly the electric current would be stopped due to the lever being moved. The rats quickly learned to go straight to the lever to stop the electrical current after a few times of being put in the box.
Punishment this is the opposite of reinforcement it is made to weaken or eliminate a response or behaviour instead of increase it. Similar to reinforcement there can be negative and positive punishment .For example you can take away something positive such as taking away a toy that a child has been fighting over or something negative such as a shock. However there are many problems with this approach of punishment. http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html Operant Conditioning was a contribution to childcare and education because teachers and care workers use the idea of reinforcement and punishment in order to manage behaviour.
It also helps make sure that children are learning and progressing effectively. In primary schools, most staff will use the idea of a 'happy side' and 'sad side' which is a form of reinforcement as a child will try their best and be on their best behaviour in order to go on the happy side and be reworded this is a form of positive reinforcement. However, if they get onto the 'sad side ' they can redeem themselves if they behave well this is a form of negative reinforcement. Also, things such as a sticker, stamps, and instant positive reinforcement are also used in contemporary practice. For example, if a child puts their hand up to answer a question and gets it right a teacher will intently say well done and maybe even give the child a sticker. This will be a form of positive
reinforcement.
Operant Conditioning was invented by B.F. Skinner. This was based on positive and negative reinforcement of conditioning and punishment. Operant conditioning is a rise and decrease in response behaviour in relation to different types of reward and punishment systems.
Skinner showed how positive reinforcement worked by putting a hungry rat in his Skinner box. The box contained a lever on the side and as the rat moved about the box it would accidentally knock the lever, a food pellet would drop into a container next to the lever. The rats rapidly learned to go straight to the lever after a little while being put in the box. The result of receiving food if they pushed the lever made them repeat the action continually. For example a child gets too got to the shops and is allowed to buy anything they like.
Negative reinforcement this is when an unpleasant stimulus is the removed which is ‘rewarding’ to the animal or human being. Negative reinforcement strengthens behaviour because it …show more content…
removes a negative experience. For example giving children and extended and later bed time.
Skinner showed how negative reinforcement worked by placing a rat in his Skinner box and then exposing it to an unpleasant electric current which caused the rat some distress. Accidentally as the rat moved about the box it would knock the lever. Instantly the electric current would be stopped due to the lever being moved. The rats quickly learned to go straight to the lever to stop the electrical current after a few times of being put in the box.
Punishment this is the opposite of reinforcement it is made to weaken or eliminate a response or behaviour instead of increase it. Similar to reinforcement there can be negative and positive punishment .For example you can take away something positive such as taking away a toy that a child has been fighting over or something negative such as a shock. However there are many problems with this approach of punishment. http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html Operant Conditioning was a contribution to childcare and education because teachers and care workers use the idea of reinforcement and punishment in order to manage behaviour.
It also helps make sure that children are learning and progressing effectively. In primary schools, most staff will use the idea of a 'happy side' and 'sad side' which is a form of reinforcement as a child will try their best and be on their best behaviour in order to go on the happy side and be reworded this is a form of positive reinforcement. However, if they get onto the 'sad side ' they can redeem themselves if they behave well this is a form of negative reinforcement. Also, things such as a sticker, stamps, and instant positive reinforcement are also used in contemporary practice. For example, if a child puts their hand up to answer a question and gets it right a teacher will intently say well done and maybe even give the child a sticker. This will be a form of positive
reinforcement.