operations management history
production lines. Thus, the factories of late 1700s not only had developed production machinery, but also ways of planning and controlling the output of workers.
Developments in Early 20th Century
As days went by, production capacities expanded, demand for capital grew and labor became highly dependent on jobs and urbanized. At the commencement of the 20th century, the one element that was missing was a management (the ability to develop and use the facilities to produce on a maximum capacity to meet massive markets of today.)
1. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Scientific Management (1911)
Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management theory involved time studies in an attempt to establish the most productive way to undertake a process.
• Scientific laws govern work so scientific methods can be used to analyze work
• Workers are different so match workers to their job and then train them thoroughly
• Separate the responsibilities of workers and managers. Taylor - Systems approach to manufacturing All equipment, workers and tasks are part of a manufacturing system whose performance should be maximized
Around the same time, Frank Gilberth and his leaned wife Lillian Gilberth examined the motions of the limbs of the workers (such as the hands, legs, eyes etc) in performing the jobs and tried to standardize these motions into certain categories and utilize the classification to arrive at standards for time required to perform a given job. This was the precursor to the present day motion study’. Although to this day Gilberth’s classification of movements is used extensively, there have been various modifications and newer classifications.
2. Henry Ford’s Application of Division of Labor and Scientific Management
"What was worked out at Ford was the practice of moving the work from one worker to another until it became a complete unit, then arranging the flow of these units at the right time and the right place to a moving final assembly line from which
Developments in Early 20th Century
As days went by, production capacities expanded, demand for capital grew and labor became highly dependent on jobs and urbanized. At the commencement of the 20th century, the one element that was missing was a management (the ability to develop and use the facilities to produce on a maximum capacity to meet massive markets of today.)
1. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Scientific Management (1911)
Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management theory involved time studies in an attempt to establish the most productive way to undertake a process.
• Scientific laws govern work so scientific methods can be used to analyze work
• Workers are different so match workers to their job and then train them thoroughly
• Separate the responsibilities of workers and managers. Taylor - Systems approach to manufacturing All equipment, workers and tasks are part of a manufacturing system whose performance should be maximized
Around the same time, Frank Gilberth and his leaned wife Lillian Gilberth examined the motions of the limbs of the workers (such as the hands, legs, eyes etc) in performing the jobs and tried to standardize these motions into certain categories and utilize the classification to arrive at standards for time required to perform a given job. This was the precursor to the present day motion study’. Although to this day Gilberth’s classification of movements is used extensively, there have been various modifications and newer classifications.
2. Henry Ford’s Application of Division of Labor and Scientific Management
"What was worked out at Ford was the practice of moving the work from one worker to another until it became a complete unit, then arranging the flow of these units at the right time and the right place to a moving final assembly line from which