Chapter 1: Defining, conceptualising and measuring development
Aims of the chapter
• To provide definitions of the groupings used for poor nations of the world, such as ‘Third World’, ‘developing world’ and ‘Global South’. • To outline the spatial and conceptual limits of these terms and their current appropriateness. • To outline the nature and processes of development as a concept as debated by scholars and policy-makers. • To examine how development has been measured in relation to indicators such as Gross National Product and Income, and the Human Development Index, together with a discussion of the importance of the Millennium Development Goals.
Learning objectives
By the end of this chapter and relevant reading, you should be able to: • discuss the different terms used to describe the poorest countries of the world and explain the advantages and disadvantages of each one • explain what the term ‘development’ means • describe the different measures of development, focusing on per capita GNP/GNI and the HDI and assess their comparative merits and limitations • outline the Millennium Development Goals, and identify the obstacles to their fulfilment across the Global South.
Essential reading
Dodds, Klaus ‘The Third World, Developing Countries, the South, Poor Countries’ in Desai, Vandana and Robert B. Potter (eds) The Companion to Development Studies. (London: Hodder Arnold, 2008) second edition [ISBN 9780340889145] pp.3–7. Elliott, Jennifer A. ‘Development as Improving Human Welfare and Human Rights’ in Desai and Potter (eds) (2008) pp.40–45. Potter, Robert, Tony Binns, Jennifer A. Elliott and David Smith Geographies of Development. (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2008) [ISBN 9780132228237] Chapter 1. Rigg, Jonathan ‘The Millennium Development Goals’ in Desai and Potter (eds) (2008) pp.30–37. Thirlwall, A.P ‘Development as Economic Growth’ in Desai and Potter (eds) . (2008) pp.37–40.