Cocaine is identified as (C17H21NO4). Cocaine is an addictive stimulant that affects key pleasure centers within the brain and causes heightened euphoria. The hydrochloride salt, which is a powdered form of cocaine, can be dissolved in water and injected or snorted. It is derived from the coca plant and is primarily found in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Crack cocaine is the crystal form of cocaine. It comes in crystals or solid blocks varying in color from pale rose, yellow or white. Crack is the most potent form of cocaine and is also the riskiest. It is between 75% and 100% pure, far stronger than regular cocaine. Since cocaine has a high cost, crack is sold at very low prices. The common method of ingesting crack is smoking, where it makes…
Intro- Opium- from the Greek word opos, meaning juice or sap, was originally chewed, eaten, or blended into various liquids and swallowed. (Inaba 4-7) It was cultivated in The Mediterranean, and Southwest Asia. Dating all the way back to the 206 B.C., Opium was a major product traded on the Silk Road. This classification of drugs is used primarily to treat pain, diarrhea, and cough. They are known to bring on a sense of euphoria, lower one’s sense of emotional stress or fatigue, and in some instances, suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms. Methods of use are oral injection, smoking, injection, and snorting. Short term effects of use of these drugs can be drowsiness,…
Feel-good chemicals naturally-manufactured in the brain when the body experiences pain or stress (Natural opiates of the body)…
Methadone has been discovered from 1930 for getting relieve from pain. It had been not before 1960’s that methadone was first used to assist handle heroin and morphine followers. So, before knowing about how long does methadone stay in your system you need to be aware of some of the facts about methadone.…
The Opium War did affect China’s economy. From Source B, I can infer that the Opium Wars made China richer. The source mentioned that the export of tea from China increased 42,000,000kg in 1855 from only 7,500,000kg in 1843, an increase of more than 500%. This showed that the trade increased. With more trade, there would be more money which were gained from the trades. Furthermore, more trade also means more jobs for the Chinese. Therefore, the Chinese will be able to earn more money and they can afford more items to live a better life. So, the Opium wars did affect the China’s economy. From what I have learnt, the treaty which China signed from the Opium Wars forced China to open up five ports to foreign trade (canton, shanghai, Foochow, Ningpo and Amoy). With more ports opened up,…
In this paper I will discuss the details the classification of narcotic drugs in criminal law, forensic evidence needed to obtain a conviction in a drug case.…
Heroin is named after the German word for hero, heroisch. Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive drug. It is both the most abused and the most rapidly acting of the opiates. Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants. It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known on the streets as black tar heroin. Although purer heroin is becoming more common, most street heroin is cut with other drugs or with substances such as sugar, starch, powdered milk, or quinine. Street heroin can also be cut with strychnine or other poisons. Because heroin abusers do not know the actual strength of the drug or its true contents, they are at risk of overdose or death. Heroin also poses special problems because of the transmission of HIV and other diseases that can occur from sharing needles or other injection equipment.…
Since times immemorial drugs has been employed for treatment of patients and for ritualistic ceremonies. The Greek writer Homer had written about opium in his great epic ‘The Illiad ‘in 8th century B.C .Hippocrates spoke about the medicinal of opium more than 25 centuries ago. The use of cannabis sativa, the “Indian Hemp”,is mentioned in Atharva Veda and its derivatives-bhang, ganja and charas are traditionally used by some followers of Lord Shiva and have become part of Indian heritage and culture. Opium which was brought to India by Arab traders in 17th century, established its roots in Indian Society very firmly and it was considered panacea for all the diseases. Opium was given to wounded soldiers…
Killer Heroin Drug consumption is one of the most discussed and analyzed topics in society, literature, and scientific works. Drug use and abuse has persistently puzzled researchers, scientists, and law makers. During the last twenty years scientists have continued performing experiments, researchers have continued to research drug abuse and use, and law makers have continued to create new laws in hopes of regulating drug use.…
As one of the strongest opiate drugs available, fentanyl used to help patients manage pain after a surgery, injury, or cancer diagnosis. At 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine, fentanyl excels at mitigating breakthrough pain, which occurs when someone who is already taking an opiate experiences temporary bouts of pain. However, since the drug is so strong, medical professionals need to administer it carefully to avoid undesired side effects and accidental overdoses.…
The British smuggled opium from India into China. Opium is a highly addictive drug that is obtained from the opium poppy plant. Since opium was a highly addictive drug, the British got many and most Chinese people addicted to their opium. These opium smuggles continued till 1839 because the British refused to end the opium smuggle. But, in 1839 China declared a war on the British to end the opium smuggle. This war occurred until 1842, and sadly the British won the Opium War. The British won the Opium war due to their modern navy. The British forced the China to keep their opium ports open. Due to the British China started to trade with the…
Unjust punishments can occur because of sentencing disparities and wrongful convictions. Current prison populations show a higher population of African Americans and Hispanic men leading some to believe that a sentencing disparities caused by racial prejudices and discrimination are the causes. Sentencing disparities occur when offenders with similar criminal histories who have committed the same offense receive much different penalties. Data has shown that Hispanics and African Americans have received harsher punishments compared to whites for similar crimes. Wrongful convictions occur when an innocent person is found guilty by either plea or verdict. The development of DNA testing has increased the number of people convicted by juries and later exonerated by science. In 2004 congress passed the Justice for All Act which implemented funds for DNA testing on a backlog of over 300,000 rape kits and other crime-scene evidence. In 1986 the drug crack was a major story in the news. Feeding off the crack fear, Congress pass the Anti-Drug Abuse Act which made the possession of 5 grams or more of crack a mandatory 5 year prison sentence. The impact of this law led to a steep rise in the number of…
Over many years the abuse of Heroin has been known, but now the epidemic is out of control and many are dying daily. Heroin is a substance that is synthesized from morphine, and extracted from the poppy seed plant. The opium poppy has been refined for more than five thousand years for a variety of medicinal uses. When heroin was first created it was used as a cough syrup and pain killer. At first people believe it would help with morphine and opium addiction but then doctors realized people were becoming addicted to heroin. Heroin was first synthesized in 1874, and then marketed by the Beyer Company in Germany in 1898 until 1910. Beyer exported Heroin to more that 23 countries in 1899. In 1914 the Harrison Act was passed, and it was the aggressively enforced that all Physicians, who were prescribing drugs to addicts would be punished. Between 1915 and 1938 over five thousand physicians were found guilt for violating the Harrison Act. The modern drug war started in the 1960s and continues today with no success in combating the epidemic on drugs.…
Wilm Mistral illustrates the opium wars in this book titled The Emerging Perspectives on Substance Misuse. He explain that in the 1800’s the British began supplying the Chinese with opiates since it it was considered an economic benefit to the UK which then contributed to the Chinese relying heavily on opiates as a way of relieving pain since the active ingredient in it was morphine. At the same time, manufacturing of morphine and heroin began which in 1868 brought the British Pharmacy Act. The pharmacy act was designed to prevent overdose over widespread opiates and held medical professionals responsible for prescribing them. Once opium addicted Chinese immigrants migrated to the U.S. to build the transcontinental railroad on the west coast the American government started demonizing the use of opium by creating literature “portraying opium use as squalid and violent, and purified morphine and heroin became widely available for injection” (Mistral). Opiates were then considered officially illegal in 1914 with the Harrison Narcotics Act (Mistral). The chinese demonization of a once widely spread drug is a prime example the discriminatory politics of drug use in the United States. Through the War on Drugs and the history associated with the…
Methamphetamine is a very powerful and addicting narcotic. Though it is a Scheduled 2 narcotic; it is readily availability on the streets for a considerably cheap price. An addiction to methamphetamine can totally disassociate a person from his or her everyday life.…