These new inventions lead to the creation of new jobs and the rapid growth of cities. The Southern cotton industry was booming due to the increased need for cotton thread in the northern textile mills. The increase in machinery and advanced technology also lowered the prices of food, lighting and fuel (Doc 1). Although the revolution brought about positive effect like more jobs and lowered prices on goods; it also brought about negative effects like overcrowding and poor conditions. Immigrants started to flood the cities in search for factory jobs resulting in areas with extremely high populations, overcrowded houses and poor sanitation. Not only did the middle class factory workers have poor home conditions, they also underwent extremely poor working conditions. Both men and women factory workers worked in dim, dangerous factories for long, grueling days spanning up to 12 hours to be paid the bare minimum. Factory workers were not looked at like human beings by the big corporate business men; their lives did not matter to them at all. The only positive to come out of the extremely dangerous condition was the rise of unions. Unions that formed during the Industrial Revolution were meant to unite the working men against the wrongdoings of the wealthy business owner. Unions demanded things like “...reduction of the hours of…
The chief political issue of the late 1800s was working conditions for laborers. Big businesses, having sought to cut costs however possible, created horrible working conditions for laborers. In an effort to improve these conditions, workers waged strikes and formed labor unions, so that they might gain some semblance of bargaining power. However the fight to improve conditions for workers was largely ineffective thanks to public support of big business, disorganization amongst labor unions, and the negative connotation that came to be associated with labor unions.…
Three decades following the Civil War, America was a conflicted time of both poverty and prosperity. While there were indeed a number of powerful men, such as Rockefeller and Carnegie, the majority of the population consisted of the working class. Entire families worked for exhaustingly long hours in dangerous and unsanitary conditions. Eventually, people of the working class started to advertise reforms and form unions. The movement towards organized labor during the last decades of the 19th century certainly had some success; however, it was mostly unsuccessful in improving the position of workers primarily due to the initial failure of strikes, the inherent superiority of the managers over the workers, and the lack of governmental support towards the labor unions.…
During the nineteenth century in Europe, the majority of European workers had moved from the country into cities on account of the modernization of their farms. Due to the large increase of population in such close quarters, the living conditions of the workers were in shambles, and the people began to protest and demand better living conditions. While some sought for government reforms that would put a new emphasis on those less fortunate, others found it to be more efficient to have a full-out violent revolution to find a better economic equality. Some of the supporters of these more radical ideas thought that gender equality was one of the true keys to a better life of the working class. Simultaneously as thousands starved from the unfair conditions, a core group of conservatives (old misers) continued to cling to the laissez-faire policies that had given them so much wealth, but were also wrong in thinking that it would also give the poor the same assets.…
There was a growing awareness of poverty in Britain, especially in London in early 1900s. According to the research of Charles Booth in London, there were 25% of people that were living under abject poverty and over 35% of people were living under the poverty line of 0.90-1.05 pounds per week for a family with 3 children. The situation was severe and that was not only happening in London, but other cities as well. According to Seebhom Rowntree’s studies, there were 28% of people that lives in York could not afford to buy clothing and food. Social reform was definitely needed. At that time, some other new liberalism were arising, they aimed to give out minimum living standard for needy families. In contrast, the conservative was not doing anything good and the Education Act that did not please the society. As a result, a party that was providing more benefit to citizens and poverty became more successful and gained more voter’s…
Workers were going through tough times during the Gilded Age with low wages, long hours, and poor working conditions. The workers looked to strikes and labor unions to improve their position during the Gilded Age, but labor unions and strikes weren’t powerful enough to improve the worker’s status in society. Labor unions and strikes were not successful enough to improve the position of workers during the Gilded Age because of the combination of oppressive government laws like the Sherman Antitrust Act, the types of people correlated with labor unions like anarchists, the Panics of 1873 and…
During the era of the Industrial Revolution many significant changes occurred in the lives and labor of most European citizens. These changes affected every aspect of their lifestyle and cultures and there was little they could do to prevent it. European nations were looking for more ways to expand in size and wealth. In the search for these ambitions the idea of using machinery to efficiently mass produce manufactured goods arose. This innovation completely altered the lives of many hardworking individuals and revolutionized the world they lived in. Laborers such as farmers, craftsmen, merchants and others lost their jobs due to new machinery, destroyed their families due to new difficult labor conditions and experienced corruption in their lifestyles and cultures because of the changes in social and economic standards. Documents such as The Work Year in Seventeenth-Century Lille, Labor Protest: Luddite Attack on a Water-Powered Textile Mill in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Weaving: A Sixteenth-Century German Weaver and His Loom, and Weaving: An English Cotton Mill are all primary sources published in the historical era of the…
The shift in the different working systems led to a shift in economic thinking. Adam Smith’s Laissez Faire policies were thought to be the key factor in a controlled economy. Agriculture shifted to the cottage industry and then the cottage industry shifted to the factory system. Thus, decreasing opportunities for both urban and rural working classes. Due to this, the quality of life, also known as the standard of living, had shifted. Population increase, mostly due to the disappearance of the plague and the availability of medicine had many people desperate for jobs. In the 18th and early 19th century, the shift in economic thinking provided a more liberal economy, which later turned out to affect the different working classes in aspects such as conditions and regulations, ultimately, lowering the standard of living.…
The enfranchisement of the working classes meant the newly formed Labour party together with socialist ideologies were beginning to put pressure on the Government to introduce reform. (2/3)…
The significance of improving workers’ pay and working conditions was vital to the success of the ongoing industrial revolution during this period as it helped soothe the demands of the unsatisfied workers. Due to changes and new laws introduced, improvements began to occur. Popular pressure however was only significant in bringing about this change to an extent. The development of specialized skills in the factories and mills, and due to the competition between employers as they repeatedly sought to hire better and better workmen was a factor that contributed in bringing about better pay and conditions for workers. In fact it was a combination of other factors such as the economy, trade, advance in technology, public outrage and political pressure that led to better…
In the early twentieth h century, it was shown that indeed all progressives shared an optimistic vision that an active government and human intervention could solve and create a society that is in order. During industrialization, work efforts involved the labor of women, children, men, immigrants, and to some extent (lesser extent), African Americans. As a result of a large workforce, majority of employer neglected their workers by paying them next to little as well as working them to their limits. A usual industrial worker worked for about 16 hours a day. As a result, reforms by progressives were created to improve the lifestyle of these workers. In addition, the majority of progressives…
Despite some millionaires like Andrew Carnegie had indeed come from poor families, research in the nineteenth century showed that almost 90% of millionaires come from middle or upper class families. A socialist party was almost formed in the U.S in the late Nineteenth century and early twentieth century due to the expanding gap between the rich and the poor. Working conditions were also horrendously bad as several people a day would be injured without any compensation. Even through such terrible times workers still had hope because of Horatio Alger's…
It has been demonstrated that the makeup of the working class has changed dramatically in the last 200 years. This change is a result of the processes of industrialization, colonialism, and globalization. Industrialization led to proletarianization, which had negative consequences on the working class and as a result, many workers throughout the industrialized world organized to advocate for improved status and conditions. Working class organizations by colonized workers also improved the conditions that these workers faced. However, many of the same issues that the workers in previous time periods faced are still prevalent today, such as precarity and forced labour, as a result of the process of globalization. Therefore, while there have been…
A main issue of the Progressive Era was the working conditions of laborers. Laborers were often under payed and overworked. Progressives worked diligently to get this changed. They wanted to really improve the workplace for the workers in it. In Document G, the Progressive Party Platform includes many reforms of the workplace. This includes an eight hour work day, the prohibition of child labor, equal pay for equal work, six day work week, as well as full reports on industrial accidents and diseases as well as the opening of labor products to public inspection. In Document D, there is a photograph of child miners. This shows just how young the boys were. They were not just teenagers, they were anywhere from 8-10 years and older. They boys are quite dirty and they have meager lunches. Some boys did not have the finances to bring lunch to work with them. They were paid extremely low wages and were abused and injured. Further showing the atrocities of the workplace is Document F, an excerpt from Upton Sinclair's, The Jungle. Many men in the meat packaging plants had little left of their hands. They were covered in scratches that were bound to catch the germs from all around the plant. Tuberculosis and other blood poisoning germs lived in abundance in the plants. This was because the conditions of the plants allowed this. They factory workers had to work no matter what ailed them or what had happened to them. Many of the jobs in the meat packing factory lasted up to only five years. People didn't stay there very long. And…
Because of the shortage of labor many changes occurred in the system of labor. Landowners and the rich were desperate for workers and as a result, the peasants or middle class demanded higher wages and because landowners needed workers they gave in to the demands. As a result the peasants became wealthier. The Landowners could also afford it because there were fewer workers to pay. Another change in the labor system was that labor became more mobile…