Organic Chemistry Experiment 10 Formal Report
Organic Chemistry Laboratory – CH 200L (2012 – 2013) 2B-Ph Group 9 Experiment 10
Identifying Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Through Classification Tests
Bianca Therese Rivera, Camille Aliana Rivera, Zarah Mae Roxas,
Ma. Rosario Teresa Saylo, Jean Darlene Semilla and Adrian Yu
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy
University of Santo Tomas, Espana Street, Manila 1008
Date Submitted: September 13, 2012
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Abstract
Carboxylic acid derivatives namely, acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides were classified through different reactivity tests. The samples used were acetyl chloride for acyl halide group, acetic anhydride for acid anhydride group, ethyl acetate for ester group, acetamide and benzamide for amide group. These derivatives were identified through the mechanism of hydrolysis, alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions. Positive results were obtained and the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative in each compound was confirmed.
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Introduction
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are among the most abundant of organic compounds, both in the laboratory and in living organisms. They are a type of carbonyl group that contains a carbon double bonded to an oxygen.
Figure 1. General Structure of Carboxylic Acid
The melting points and boiling points of carboxylic acids are higher than those of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic compounds of comparable size and shape and indicate strong intermolecular attractive forces. They are much weaker than mineral acids, but are nevertheless much stronger than alcohols.
The most common derivatives of carboxylic acids are acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides. These groups of compounds also contain a carbonyl group, but now there is an electronegative atom (oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen) attached to the carbonyl carbon. They contain an acyl group
Identifying Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Through Classification Tests
Bianca Therese Rivera, Camille Aliana Rivera, Zarah Mae Roxas,
Ma. Rosario Teresa Saylo, Jean Darlene Semilla and Adrian Yu
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy
University of Santo Tomas, Espana Street, Manila 1008
Date Submitted: September 13, 2012
-------------------------------------------------
Abstract
Carboxylic acid derivatives namely, acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides were classified through different reactivity tests. The samples used were acetyl chloride for acyl halide group, acetic anhydride for acid anhydride group, ethyl acetate for ester group, acetamide and benzamide for amide group. These derivatives were identified through the mechanism of hydrolysis, alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions. Positive results were obtained and the presence of a carboxylic acid derivative in each compound was confirmed.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are among the most abundant of organic compounds, both in the laboratory and in living organisms. They are a type of carbonyl group that contains a carbon double bonded to an oxygen.
Figure 1. General Structure of Carboxylic Acid
The melting points and boiling points of carboxylic acids are higher than those of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic compounds of comparable size and shape and indicate strong intermolecular attractive forces. They are much weaker than mineral acids, but are nevertheless much stronger than alcohols.
The most common derivatives of carboxylic acids are acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides. These groups of compounds also contain a carbonyl group, but now there is an electronegative atom (oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen) attached to the carbonyl carbon. They contain an acyl group
References: [1] Atkins, R.C. and Carey, F.A. 2002. Organic Chemistry: A Brief Course. 3rd Edition. New York, USA. McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Pp 310,313 [2] Bayquen A. et.al.(2009).Laboratory Manual in Organic Chemistry .Quezon City: C&E Publishing Inc. [3] Mcmurry, J. and Simanek E. 2007. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. 6th Edition. Belmont, USA. Thomson Books/Cole. Pp 296,300-301,309-310 [3] Shriner, R.L., C.K.F. Hermann, T.C. Morrill, D.Y. Curtin and R.C. Fuson. 1998. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [4] http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/~chem2ob3/2004labmanual/stuff_2003/2003_exp4.html [5] http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/crbacid1.htm [6] http://chem.orgchem.edu/~chem2072115/Post-Lab-Notes.pdf