Organization Behaviour: Emerging Knowledge and Practice for the Real World.(Textbook Summary)

Organizational Behavior and Design Chapter 2 – Individual Behavior, Values & Personality MARS Model of Individual Behavior & Results (Pg 34) - Employee engagement covers all four MARS driven indv behavior and results - M (Motivation), A (Ability), R (Role Perceptions) and S (Situational Factors) have combined effect on individual performance o If any factor weakens, employee performance will decrease - [1] Personality, [2] values, [3] individual perceptions and learning, [4] emotions and attitudes and [5] stress influence M, A, R and S o [1] Personality and [2] values are most stable characteristics o [4] Emotions and attitudes and [5] stress are most fluid characteristics o [3] Individual perceptions and learning lie somewhere between - Employee Motivation (Forces within person affecting [1] direction, [2] intensity and [3] persistence of voluntary behavior) o Direction refers to fact that motivation is goal-oriented, not random o Intensity is amount of effort allocated to goal o Persistence refers to continuing effort for certain amount of time - Ability (Both [1] natural aptitudes and [2] learned capabilities required to successfully complete task) o Aptitudes are natural talents helping employees learn specific tasks more quickly and perform them better eg being able to manipulate small objects better o Learned capabilities refer to skills and knowledge acquired. Physical and mental skills possessed ot required for later use. o Employee Competencies (Skills, knowledge, aptitudes and other characteristics of people leading to superior performance)  Problem 1 - Disagreement whether competencies should include personal values and personality traits  Problem 2 - Some companies describe competencies so broadly that they are difficult to measure or understand  Problem 3 - Most firms try to identify single cluster of competencies, but researchers increasingly believe alternative combinations of competencies may be equally successful o Person-Job Matching  Method 1