In this essay, by looking at othering as inclusionary and exclusionary, the boundaries for understanding and interacting with those perceived as different are expanded and the distinction between the two assists in clarifying the relationship of power in othering (Canales, 2000). In addition, by focusing othering specifically within the South African context, the essay will produce concepts and ideas based on African experiences rather than Eurocentric ideas (Oyewumi, 2002). Exploring othering specifically within the context of South Africa is already an example of exclusionary othering, however, my goal is to discover how inclusionary and exclusionary othering has occurred and occurs in South Africa at multiple levels- within individuals, families, communities, and the society as a whole; and its effect on these institutions. This will be done by looking at, namely, apartheid South Africa, the emergence of xenophobia, black consciousness, and the policy of
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