Ovarian Cystic Analysis
This journal article review is to discuss hemorrhagic ovarian cysts (HOC) and how sonography can be used to determine and diagnose these findings. Using sonography can help identify the type of cysts present to get the correct diagnosis. While reading this article it had been mentioned that this type of condition can be diagnosed incorrectly. Sonography can help identify the different appearances that go along with hemorrhagic ovarian cysts. Endovaginal sonography is the best for finding and diagnosing these cysts. This type of cyst is common, but can be confused with other conditions that are even more serious or possibly even life-threatening. Hemorrhagic cysts have a variety of imaging appearances, which can be confused with various adnexal
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They often present themselves with no pain and most commonly occurs into a corpus luteal cyst, rather than a follicle cyst. The cyst will appear on an ovary, which can just appear to be a small fluid-filled sac. Until ovulation the granulosa layer of the ovary is avascular. During the ovarian cycle after the endometrium has shed, cysts start to grow to prepare themselves for the next ovulation cycle. Around the time of ovulation, a dominant graafian follicle will mature and become large, round, and plump. Lutenization will then occur, causing a change in stromal cells that surround the graafian follicle. The graafian follicle will then rupture because of the pituitary luteinizing hormone. It will then release the oocyte and become a corpus luteum. Vessels on the wall of a cyst are very fragile and has the potential to rupture, if they do they are then called a hemorrhagic cyst. There is no malignant potential in these functional cysts despite the occurrence of the hemorrhage (Jain, 2002). Patients who are symptomatic may experience pelvic pain or have a mass after clinical evaluation. HOCs can be found in female’s who are asymptomatic also. Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts occur almost exclusively in premenopausal women and in postmenopausal women receiving hormonal treatment (Jain, 2002). These cysts can be seen in childhood years and are rarely seen in early adolescent age. Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts go through different stages until they resolve completely. These stages that a HOC can go through are: acute hemorrhage, clot formation, and clot
They often present themselves with no pain and most commonly occurs into a corpus luteal cyst, rather than a follicle cyst. The cyst will appear on an ovary, which can just appear to be a small fluid-filled sac. Until ovulation the granulosa layer of the ovary is avascular. During the ovarian cycle after the endometrium has shed, cysts start to grow to prepare themselves for the next ovulation cycle. Around the time of ovulation, a dominant graafian follicle will mature and become large, round, and plump. Lutenization will then occur, causing a change in stromal cells that surround the graafian follicle. The graafian follicle will then rupture because of the pituitary luteinizing hormone. It will then release the oocyte and become a corpus luteum. Vessels on the wall of a cyst are very fragile and has the potential to rupture, if they do they are then called a hemorrhagic cyst. There is no malignant potential in these functional cysts despite the occurrence of the hemorrhage (Jain, 2002). Patients who are symptomatic may experience pelvic pain or have a mass after clinical evaluation. HOCs can be found in female’s who are asymptomatic also. Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts occur almost exclusively in premenopausal women and in postmenopausal women receiving hormonal treatment (Jain, 2002). These cysts can be seen in childhood years and are rarely seen in early adolescent age. Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts go through different stages until they resolve completely. These stages that a HOC can go through are: acute hemorrhage, clot formation, and clot