The painful ordeal of oppression and colonization turned the black people of Africa into a country of exiles and outcasts. For centuries the majority of African Americans had been kept in slavery in the Southern part of America. After the end of their enslavement the freed African Americans began to work towards political and social equality. However, the whites began to pass laws and legislations that were discriminatory. They established white supremacist regimes of segregation in the South and one-party block voting behind southern Democrats. African Americans were exploited as share croppers and labourers. Life in the South became increasingly difficult, and many turned to literature to voice their innermost thoughts and feelings.
A literary interaction between black writers from different parts of the world was formed from their mutual suffering and hardship. The Harlem Renaissance, known at the time as the "New Negro Movement", was a cultural movement that happened