Overpopulation

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction

The term “Overpopulation” is the condition where the number of organisms exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat. It has impacted the life of common man and has proved to be one of the gravest difficulties that have to be fought. It implies scarcity of resources and economic inflation; these are the monsters which can make life miserable.
The purpose of the study is to discuss about overpopulation in our country specifically in Manila. Using library research and internet. we will elaborate the causes and effects, as well as the possible solutions to this social phenomenon.
A presentation such as this is important for us to realize that our country being overpopulated is alarming. I believe that behind this studies, we can help about this problem that not only the Philippines are facing, but also in our tourism industry.
The world today has to deal with many issues. All global issues are to an extent made worse due to overpopulation. Due to the lack of economic resources and land, people do not have the means required for their sustenance. This tends to lead to wars as people fight for territory which is not theirs.
Overpopulation has a definite effect on a country’s economy. People who don’t have the capacity to learn and have education give a large effect in our tourism industry.
Why? Simple because of the waste products they throw in our oceans, seas and other bodies of water.
More people generate more waste. Solid wastes such as plastics, tin cans and bottles, when not properly disposed of, become eyesores in a place. Garbage and sewage, if left untreated, can pollute the water supply. In that way, many tourists will not visit that certain area because of the dirt or any wastes they see.

Also, we have to consider the lack of natural resources because of the overpopulated areas. There are tendencies that they destroy the resources just to get foods from it or to use it as their business. With every new person adding to the world’s total population the quality of life goes down for us and the competition for resources goes up. We must find ways to cut down our energy consumption so we can effectively raise the carrying capacity of this planet, as well as maximize our resources so we can continue to live normal lives.
There would also be an excess of some things, particularly trash and crime. It is just an outbreak of some kind of virus waiting to happen because trash would be everywhere. Crime is a repeating cycle. The more crime there is due to overpopulation, the more crime there will be. It usually takes an outside force to break the cycle. Crimes may affect our tourists. There are times that they will be the victims.
Also, overpopulation is one of the causes of spreading of disease. In this case, the tendency of passing one disease to another may occur. Many tourists will afraid to go to those affected areas.

We, as tourism students of Centro Escolar University have the heart for our country, and to have that responsibility to take care the Natural resources and beautiful sceneries given by our Heavenly Father here in our country. We know that the next generation will gain some benefits from these resources. Also, by doing this observation we will realize the importance of the population and how it will affect our tourism industry. Setting of the Study: Metro Manila

Metropolitan Manila, the National Capital Region (NCR) or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities, namely Manila, Caloocan, Las
Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig,
Parañaque, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, and the Municipality of
Pateros. Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world.

Brief History of Manila

Long before the arrival of the Spaniards headed by Adelantado Governor Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi in Manila in 1571, a town called "Maynilad" (from the word "nild") was flourish. Pre-Spanish Maynilad was originally a Moslem settlement ruled by a
Moslem sultan, Rajah Sulayman of Borneon nobility. It was a small but a prosperous trading port lying between two (2) great bodies of water, Pasig river and Manila Bay. When the Spaniards heard of this Moslem settlement on the shore of a great bay in Luzon, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (who at that time was in Panay Island) sent forth his men headed by marshall Martin de Goiti and Captain Juan de Salcedo to the first expedition to Maynilad on May 8, 1570. Upon arrival in Maynilad, the Spanish Fleet was welcomed and feted by the friendly Filipino-Moslem natives. However, the morning of
May 24, 1570 proved to be a red day for the two races- for there was a fierce battle; thus the Spaniards defeated the natives and conquered Maynilad under the name of the
King of Spain. Under Spain, Manila became the great entrepot in the Far East. The
Manila Acapulco Galleon Trade between Philippines and Mexico flourished from the years 1571-1815. So from the 16th to the 19th centuries, Manila was Intramuros.
And since Manila's most winning characteristic is its "inflappability" - the history of
Manila is the history of the Philippines.

Conceptual Model

INPUT PROCEDURE OUTPUT
Profile of the Administration, Determine the Respondents in terms Collection, Analysis and number of
Of: Interpretation of population that can
1.1 Age Gathered data utilizing affect the Tourism
1.2 Gender questionnaire checklist Industry as responded
1.3 Status by selected people in the area of Manila

FEEDBACK

A conceptual model shows factors in our topic on how the overpopulation affects the tourism industry as responded by selected residents of Pandacan, Manila, school year 2012-2013. This figure shows the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, and status. In the second phase, the researchers will gather data through survey. Then interpret data through statistical method. Finally, provide the answer to the presented problem.
Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the effects of overpopulation in Metro Manila in the
Tourism Industry as preceded by selected residents in Manila. Significantly, It sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

2.1 Gender 2.2 Age 2.3 Status

2. How the Overpopulation n this area affects the tourism industry in the
Philippines?

Assumption of the Problem

The researchers assume that:
1. The respondents are sincere and fair in answering the questionnaires and survey that the researchers provided.

2. There are factors why overpopulation affects the tourism industry in that area.

3. There are reason why the researchers chose to conduct their study in Pandacan,
Manila.

4. There are some things to know by the respondents and to inform them about the
Importance of taking care of our environment.

Significance of the Study

The study will inform people about how the overpopulation affects the tourism

industry, specifically those people who have no care for our environment. It also helps

them to understand that our country has many tourist destinations that they have to

preserve these things for the next generation. Also, this will help the tourism students to

determine the answer for the problems mentioned.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are conceptually defined for further understanding. Overpopulation is a generally undesirable condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. The term often refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth or smaller geographical areas such as countries. Overpopulation can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. It is possible for very sparsely populated areas to be overpopulated if the area has a meager or non-existent capability to sustain life. Tourism is important, and in some cases, vital for many countries. It was recognized in the Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980 as "an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations. Tourism brings in large amounts of income in payment for goods and services available. We all know that Tourism is travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. A prime factor in the tourism industry is the "Tourist" a tourist by some is defined as people who travel and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business etc. I believe that the tourism industry is the different types of facilities provided within a country for these "tourist". For example hotels, air transportation and accomodation, cafes, bars, restaurants etc. All of which is used to boost the level of tourism within a country.

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter will help us to understand more about how the population affects
The tourism industry here in the Philippines, specifically the population in Metro Manila.

Related Literature

This is a major aim of ecotourism and in some areas is the reason why tourism

has come to many of the area communities sourced in this study. However in this area

the review of studies tended to show that tourism is providing mixed outcomes in regard

to the protection and conservation of natural areas in and around the Metro Manila area.

Tourism was having a negative effect on the physical environments within

and surrounding area communities. In these studies tourism development was causing

the following environmental problems in Metro Manila; the accumulation of garbage,

deforestation, pollution of land and water supplies and erosion.

Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the

Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world. As of the 2010 census, it had a

population of 11,855,975, comprising 13% of the national population.[2] The sum total

population of provinces with a provincial density above 700 people per square kilometer

(more than double the national average) in a contiguous zone with Metro Manila is 25.5

million people as of the 2007 census, one way to refer to the conurbation around

Manila.

Metro Manila produces about 8,400 to 8,600 tons of garbage each day which is

equivalent to 25% of the national waste generation. Paper wastes account for 17% of

the daily total while 16% are plastics. Efforts to reduce pollution is one of the

metropolis' major public management concerns especially with the closure of some

garbage dump sites in Greater Manila. At present, collected waste from the metropolis

are disposed to various MMDA-designated waste disposal facilities, namely the Rizal

Provincial Sanitary Landfill (SLF) in Rodriguez, Payatas SLF in Quezon City and Tanza

SLF in Navotas. These facilities service all 17 LGUs in Metro Manila as well as the

dispose of the garbage collected by the MMDA Agency from the different esteros and

pumping stations. In addition, the agency also maintains closed disposal facilities in San

Mateo, Carmona, and Antipolo (Boso Boso).

CHAPTER 3
Procedures and Methods

The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of selected people around Metro Manila and to conduct some survey.

Research Methodology A descriptive research methodology was used for this study. A survey was administered to a selected sample from a specific population identified by the
National School Board Association. The term ‘survey’ is commonly applied to a
Research methodology designed to collect data from a specific population, or a sample from that population, and typically utilizes a questionnaire or an interview as the survey instrument (Robson, 1993). Surveys are used to obtain data from individuals about themselves, their households, or about larger social institutions (school boards).
Sample surveys are an important tool for collecting and analyzing information from selected individuals. They are widely accepted as a key tool for conducting and applying basic social science research methodology (Rossi, Wright, and Anderson, 1983).

Sampling Technique The research was stratified technique. The researcher divides the target population (People around the Pandacan, Manila) into different subgroups (people in every barangays) and then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different subgroup. In every barangay, we will choose 100 people to be given the questionnaire and become our respondents. By employing this sampling method, the study would have an idea on the significance of the gathered responses, as we would be giving a questionnaire to unknown people around Metro Manila especially in
Pandacan. Therefore, garthering answers based on their opinions.

Scope and limitation The researchers will conduct with the people in Pandancan Guinto, Manila. The study was approximately 50 respondents. There are 15 to 30 years of age.

Procedure of Data Gathering The researcher chooses to use the survey questionnaire as a means of gathering information. The researcher should have 10 multiple choice and close-ended questions.
In addition to this, construct a simple material that can be easy to used and understand.
The number of copies of questionnaire are produced with respected number of respondents from Pandacan, Manila. The answers to the questions are standardized. If possible secondary data would be used provided that are relevant to the study.
These includes personal interviews, past reports, newspaper and magazines. The information founded on books and journals can also be a secondary study. From the presentation, the investigator assembles the data, collect published researches and investigation from foreign and local literatures and pieces of writing from various computer journals. The researcher also conducts interview arrangement and initiate content analysis from the verbal and documentary materials collected. Lastly, the researcher sums up everything and make a conclusion.