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Pandora's G-Spot

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Pandora's G-Spot
Clinical Anatomy 26:134–152 (2013)

REVIEW

Anatomy and Physiology of the Clitoris,
Vestibular Bulbs, and Labia Minora With a
Review of the Female Orgasm and the
Prevention of Female Sexual Dysfunction
VINCENZO PUPPO*
Centro Italiano di Sessuologia (CIS), Via Regnoli 74, Bologna, Italy

This review, with 21 figures and 1 video, aims to clarify some important aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the female erectile organs (triggers of orgasm), which are important for the prevention of female sexual dysfunction. The clitoris is the homologue of the male’s glans and corpora cavernosa, and erection is reached in three phases: latent, turgid, and rigid. The vestibular bulbs cause ‘‘vaginal’’ orgasmic contractions, through the rhythmic contraction of the bulbocavernosus muscles. Because of the engorgement with blood during sexual arousal, the labia minora become turgid, doubling or tripling in thickness. The corpus spongiosum of the female urethra becomes congested during sexual arousal; therefore, male erection equals erection of the female erectile organs. The correct anatomical term to describe the erectile tissues responsible for female orgasm is the female penis.
Vaginal orgasm and the G-spot do not exist. These claims are found in numerous articles that have been written by Addiego F, Whipple B, Jannini E, Buisson O,
O’Connell H, Brody S, Ostrzenski A, and others, have no scientific basis. Orgasm is an intense sensation of pleasure achieved by stimulation of erogenous zones.
Women do not have a refractory period after each orgasm and can, therefore, experience multiple orgasms. Clitoral sexual response and the female orgasm are not affected by aging. Sexologists should define having sex/love making when orgasm occurs for both partners with or without vaginal intercourse. Clin. Anat.
26:134–152, 2013. V 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C

Key words: clitoris; vulva; urethra; penis; G-spot; sex education; orgasmic
dysfunction



References: Abdulcadir J, Margairaz C, Boulvain M, Irion O. 2011. Care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting Abdulcadir J, Boulvain M, Petignat P. 2012. Reconstructive surgery for female genital mutilation Abdool Z, Thakar R, Sultan AH. 2009. Postpartum female sexual function Acien P, Acien MI. 2011. The history of female genital tract malfor´ ´ Andersson KE. 2011. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction Argiolas A, Melis MR. 2003. The neurophysiology of the sexual cycle. Arntzen BW, de Boer CN. 2006. Priapism of the clitoris. BJOG 113:742–743. Basson R, Brotto LA, Laan E, Redmond G, Utian WH. 2005. Assessment and management of women’s sexual dysfunctions: Problematic desire and arousal. J Sex Med 2:291–300. Bellemare S, Dibden L. 2005. Absence of the clitoris in a 13-yearold adolescent: Medical implications for child and adolescent health Benoit G, Delmas V, Gillot C, Jardin A. 1987. The anatomy of erection. Surg Radiol Anat 9:263–272. Braun V. 2010. Female genital cosmetic surgery: A critical review of current knowledge and contemporary debates Brody S, Costa RM. 2011. Vaginal orgasm is more prevalent among women with a prominent tubercle of the upper lip Buisson O. 2010. The G-spot and lack of female sexual medicine. Buisson O, Foldes P, Paniel BJ. 2008. Sonography of the clitoris. J Sex Med 5:413–417. Buisson O, Foldes P, Jannini E, Mimoun S. 2010. Coitus as revealed by ultrasound in one volunteer couple Catala M. 2002. Control of the development of Onuf’s spinal nucleus Chalker R. 2000. The Clitoral Truth: The Secret World at Your Fingertips Chiarugi G, Bucciante L. 1975. Istituzioni di Anatomia dell’uomo. Copcu E, Aktas A, Sivrioglu N, Copcu O, Oztan Y. 2004. Idiopathic isolated clitoromegaly: A report of two cases Darling CA, Davidson JK Sr., Jennings DA. 1991. The female sexual response revisited: Understanding the multiorgasmic experience Dickinson RL. 1949. Atlas of Human Sex Anatomy. 2nd Ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. p 1–145. Dwyer PL. 2012. Skene’s gland revisited: Function, dysfunction and the G spot Farage M, Maibach H. 2006. Lifetime changes in the vulva and vagina Foldes P, Buisson O. 2009. The clitoral complex: A dynamic sonographic study. J Sex Med 6:1223–1231. Friedman M, Siegler E, Lowenstein L. 2004. The vaginal vestibule. J Low Genit Tract Dis 8:71–72. Ginger VA, Cold CJ, Yang CC. 2011a. Surgical anatomy of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris Ginger VA, Cold CJ, Yang CC. 2011b. Structure and innervation of the labia minora: More than minor skin folds Giuliano F, Clement P. 2005. Physiology of ejaculation: Emphasis on ´ Goldstein I. 2000. Female sexual arousal disorder: New insights. Int J Impot Res 12 (Suppl 4):S152–S157. Goldstein AT, Burrows LJ. 2007. Surgical treatment of clitoral phimosis caused by lichen sclerosus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196:126.e1–e4. Goldstein I, Meston CM, Davis SR, Traish AM. 2006. Women’s Sexual Function and Dysfunction. Study, Diagnosis and Treatment. Grafenberg E. 1950. The role of urethra in female orgasm. Int J Sexol 3:145–148.

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