Patellar Rex Lumbar Reflex
Report 2
-Karthik raj Konnaiyan
Patellar reflex:
Patellar reflex is contributed by 3rd and 4th Lumbar segment nerves, in some cases 2nd lumbar segment is also involved. So an individual will be left with patellar reflex if these lumbar vertebrae are left intact. Patellar reflex is also called knee-jerk reflex as the names implies, it is involved with tapping of knee at certain point will cause a jerk movement. In medical terms when an individual is tapped on patellar tendon (area below the knee cap) using a reflex hammer, it causes a sudden movement in the lower leg (like kicking movement). This happens due to the stretch in quadriceps muscle spindle that transmit the signal to the spinal cord especially to the lumbar segment L3 and this send …show more content…
• A lesion in the ventral part of spinal cord that corresponds to sensory region.
• A lesion in dorsal part of spinal cord that corresponds to motor region.
• Damage at efferent or afferent pathway. In both cases there nerve involved is femoral nerve. So if there is any damage to femoral nerve, it leads to reduce or absence of patellar reflex.
• Sensory receptor damage for example muscle spindle.
Ligaments in Knee:
In general, ligaments are the structures that connect bone to bone around a joint by connective tissues. The ligaments in the knee are used to stabilize as well as support it when there is different kind of movement involving different positions. There are four different ligaments in the knee and they are
1. Medial collateral ligament: It limits the amount of side to side movement of the knee. When there is a force which is headed outer side of the knee, this ligament helps to stabilize it.
2. Lateral collateral ligament: This ligament also function to limit the side to side movement of the knee. This helps to stabilize it when there is a force headed towards inner side of the knee.
3. Anterior cruciate …show more content…
Posterior hip dislocation is a common and it is caused mostly due to the motor accidents. As the knee of the passenger will hit on the dashboard and move the femur head posterior, hip will be flexed and the foot will have medial rotation. An individual falling from significant height can cause the hip to relocate as it will generate a higher force that apply to the thigh bone to get it out of socket.
Ankle Sprain:
Ankle sprain is the condition when there is a tear in the ligaments of ankle. It is a common type of injury that occurs in outer or lateral structures of ankle. Ankle consist of multiple ligaments and these are the structure that connects bone with a bone. During ankle sprain there are number of ligaments affected, especially three ligaments that are common during this injury.
i. Anterior talofibular ligament:
Anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) connects the fibula and talus on the outer side of the ankle. As it is present superficial, it is more prone to injury that cause this ankle sprain. ii. Posterior talofibular
-Karthik raj Konnaiyan
Patellar reflex:
Patellar reflex is contributed by 3rd and 4th Lumbar segment nerves, in some cases 2nd lumbar segment is also involved. So an individual will be left with patellar reflex if these lumbar vertebrae are left intact. Patellar reflex is also called knee-jerk reflex as the names implies, it is involved with tapping of knee at certain point will cause a jerk movement. In medical terms when an individual is tapped on patellar tendon (area below the knee cap) using a reflex hammer, it causes a sudden movement in the lower leg (like kicking movement). This happens due to the stretch in quadriceps muscle spindle that transmit the signal to the spinal cord especially to the lumbar segment L3 and this send …show more content…
• A lesion in the ventral part of spinal cord that corresponds to sensory region.
• A lesion in dorsal part of spinal cord that corresponds to motor region.
• Damage at efferent or afferent pathway. In both cases there nerve involved is femoral nerve. So if there is any damage to femoral nerve, it leads to reduce or absence of patellar reflex.
• Sensory receptor damage for example muscle spindle.
Ligaments in Knee:
In general, ligaments are the structures that connect bone to bone around a joint by connective tissues. The ligaments in the knee are used to stabilize as well as support it when there is different kind of movement involving different positions. There are four different ligaments in the knee and they are
1. Medial collateral ligament: It limits the amount of side to side movement of the knee. When there is a force which is headed outer side of the knee, this ligament helps to stabilize it.
2. Lateral collateral ligament: This ligament also function to limit the side to side movement of the knee. This helps to stabilize it when there is a force headed towards inner side of the knee.
3. Anterior cruciate …show more content…
Posterior hip dislocation is a common and it is caused mostly due to the motor accidents. As the knee of the passenger will hit on the dashboard and move the femur head posterior, hip will be flexed and the foot will have medial rotation. An individual falling from significant height can cause the hip to relocate as it will generate a higher force that apply to the thigh bone to get it out of socket.
Ankle Sprain:
Ankle sprain is the condition when there is a tear in the ligaments of ankle. It is a common type of injury that occurs in outer or lateral structures of ankle. Ankle consist of multiple ligaments and these are the structure that connects bone with a bone. During ankle sprain there are number of ligaments affected, especially three ligaments that are common during this injury.
i. Anterior talofibular ligament:
Anterior talofibular ligament ( ATFL ) connects the fibula and talus on the outer side of the ankle. As it is present superficial, it is more prone to injury that cause this ankle sprain. ii. Posterior talofibular