Pathophysiology Of Pyelonephritis

Pathophysiology of pyelonephritis:
Pathogen colonizes in the periuretheral area and ascends up the urethra (and, in our patient’s case, the urinary catheter tube) towards the bladder. Bacteria continue to replicate and form biofilms in the bladder. Once sufficient bacterial colonization occurs, the bacteria can ascend on the ureter towards the kidney and bacterial toxins can inhibit the flow of urine. The infection eventually reaches the renal parenchyma and causes an inflammatory response called pyelonephritis.

Septic Shock:
Sepsis is the result of an infection and is the inflammatory response. Septic shock includes fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, evidence of organ damage, and hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid boluses.

Pathophysiology
of ventricular fibrillation:
Ventricular fibrillation is poorly synchronized and inadequate myocardial contractions. The ventricles quiver instead of fully contracting and the heart immediately loses its ability to function as a pump. Sudden loss of cardiac output with subsequent tissue hypoperfusion creates ischemia of all tissues. It degenerates to asystole if left untreated.