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Peltier Testing

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Peltier Testing
Solid state physics II

Testing a Peltier Element

Abstract

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the cooling properties of a Peltier element and specifically the relation between the electric current through the element and the temperature in a refrigerator cooled by the element. The “refrigerator” consisted of a cavity in a block of polystyrene foam with the Peltier element covering the opening of the cavity. A fan on top of it cooled the hot side of the element. The temperature inside the cavity was measured with a thermocouple.

The measurements showed that the temperature depends on the current as a second order function and that and that there exist a current for which the temperature reaches a minimum value. For the investigated setup, the lowest measured temperature was 11.1°C (approximately 12°C below the surrounding temperature). It was achieved at a current of 1.3A, corresponding to a power consumption of 9.7W.

Sammanfattning

Peltier-effekten upptäcktes 1834 av fransmannen Jean C. A. Peltier och beskriver värmeflödet som uppstår då en elektrisk ström leds genom gränsskiktet mellan två olika ledande material. Denna effekt utnyttjas idag i kommersiella applikationer för kylning.

I denna artikel presenteras resultaten av en undersökning av en sådan produkt; ett Peltier-element, med avseende på dess förmåga att kyla ned ett litet hålrum i ett block av polystyrenskum. I synnerhet undersöktes sambandet mellan den elektriska ström som leddes genom Peltier-elementet och den temperatur som uppnåddes i det isolerade utrymmet.

Vid mätningen konstaterades att den lägsta uppmätta temperaturen inte uppnåddes vid den högsta strömmen genom elementet, utan vid en lägre ström. Temperaturen varierar med strömmen enligt ett kvadratiskt samband, med ett markant extremvärde. Kyleffekten tilltar alltså inte alltid med ökande ström, utan antar ett maximalt värde vid en viss ström, som kan

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