PERC Student Guide

Certified General Accountants Association of Canada
100 - 4200 North Fraser Way
Burnaby, BC V5K 5J7
Canada
www.cga-canada.org/Canada
© CGA-Canada, 2011
All rights reserved. These materials or parts thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner without the prior written permission of the Certified General
Accountants Association of Canada.

Every reasonable effort has been made to obtain permissions for all articles and data used in this edition. If errors or omissions have occurred, they will be corrected in future editions, provided written notification has been received by the publisher.

Contents
Purpose of this guide .................................................................................................

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1

Objectives of professional experience ............................................

1

Fulfilling the CGA Association and IFAC mandates ..................................................
Supporting academic learning .................................................................................
Providing opportunities to learn from other professionals .....................................
Satisfying key stakeholders expectations.................................................................

1
1
2
2

CGA professional experience requirements ....................................

4

Focus on advanced level work experience ...............................................................
Overview of the CGA competency groups ...............................................................
Demonstration of competencies ..............................................................................
Lapses in employment and part-time work .............................................................
Time Limit .................................................................................................................
Employment outside Canada ...................................................................................

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Career planning ..............................................................................

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Early-stage experience .............................................................................................
Professional level career experience........................................................................
Steps for creating your career strategy ....................................................................
Sample career paths .................................................................................................

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Substantiating your experience ......................................................

16

Team roles ...............................................................................................................
When to involve your supervisor and verifier ..........................................................
Meeting with your verifier .......................................................................................
Acting on suggestions and guidance from your supervisor and verifier ..................
Keeping a journal, portfolio, or other documentary evidence ................................

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Getting ready to report in the PERC system....................................

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Frequency of reporting.............................................................................................
Documenting your experience claims .....................................................................
Questions to ask yourself .........................................................................................
Gathering documents to submit ..............................................................................

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3

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Using the online PERC system .........................................................

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Creating a profile ......................................................................................................
Creating an employment file the first time ..............................................................
Your employment files – with one or more employers ...........................................
Entering experience in the PERC questionnaire .......................................................
Submitting a PERC file ..............................................................................................
Status of your PERC files...........................................................................................
Intervention by your affiliate PERC administrator ...................................................
Reviewer’s consolidated assessment .......................................................................
Time limit ..................................................................................................................

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How the PERC system evaluates your experience...........................

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Self-assessment ........................................................................................................
Flags in the system ...................................................................................................
Consolidated assessment .........................................................................................

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Working with your CGA Association ...............................................

47

The Association’s expectations ................................................................................
Verification and assessment.....................................................................................

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47

Appendix A: Glossary .............................................................................................................

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Appendix B: Frequently asked questions ..............................................................................

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Appendix C: Sample career paths..........................................................................................

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Purpose of this guide
Professional experience is essential for CGA qualification. Together with the education and examination requirements of the CGA program, it helps ensure that students develop and can effectively demonstrate the skills and abilities needed to succeed as a newly certified professional accountant.
Professional Experience Required for Certification (PERC) is the professional experience reporting process for students in the CGA program. This Student Guide lays out the details of how to document your experience as it’s gained. In the guide, you will find information on
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the objectives of professional experience the areas of experience you need to develop career planning how to work with the online PERC system to record, report, and monitor your progress

Find out more
For more information on PERC or other issues important to your studies and career path, contact your local CGA affiliate office at www.cga.org.

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Objectives of professional experience

Every profession requires a period of applied training, such as internship, residency, articling, or some other form, prior to awarding its professional designation. Whatever its form, the purpose of this training is the same – to equip students with the necessary technical skills and to ingrain in them, as aspiring professionals, the values of the profession. Professionals have a duty to the well-being of society and to those who engage them. It is during the period of applied training – or initial professional development – in dealing with the realities of the workplace, that students develop and hone their professional judgment.

Fulfilling the CGA Association and IFAC mandates
CGA professional experience criteria are rooted in the CGA competency framework. The framework establishes three ways in which your competence is evaluated prior to earning the
CGA designation: education, examination, and experience. These three assessment approaches are similar to the threads of a fabric; they are inter-woven and continually overlap. Just as each thread is important to the integrity of the completed fabric, each assessment approach is essential to measuring your development as a professional accountant. The competency framework further recognizes that some skills – such as leading others or managing conflict – are better evaluated through work experience than through examination or course work.
In addition to establishing the three forms of assessment, the CGA competency framework outlines the professional competencies that CGA candidates must demonstrate in order to be certified. The framework consists of more than 100 competencies in 17 subject areas across three broad competency groups: Leadership, Professionalism, and Professional Knowledge.
The importance of professional work experience in helping you to acquire the skills and values deemed essential for professional accountants is well established and recognized globally. The
International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), a body to which CGA-Canada and most other professional accounting associations around the world belong, mandates a period of professional experience that students must have prior to attaining their professional certification. Supporting academic learning
Your work assignments and responsibilities give you the opportunity to apply the formal learning from your CGA courses to the business needs and problems of today’s workplace. The experience you gain in accounting and management positions not only reinforces this learning, it expands on it. Your workplace – with its pressures and demands – gives you a richer and more nuanced picture of accounting and management issues than you get through study alone. It provides a context for the theory and principles, making them more relevant because you see how they apply to professional business problems. Equally important, you gain a better understanding of organizations – whether they are in the business, not-for-profit, or government sector. You also gain a better understanding of how accounting contributes to organizations and to society.
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By studying and working at the same time, you synthesize your learning from both environments and strengthen the process of developing competence in the skills and abilities of a professional accountant.

Providing opportunities to learn from other professionals
Not all of your on-the-job learning will be accounting specific. As an accountant, you may work in business, government, education, or not-for-profit. You can learn a lot from the people you work with about your industry and organization, and about business in general. Every person you encounter has a unique perspective, shaped by their role in the organization, their experiences, and their personal values.
In problem-solving situations, you need to understand the interests of a variety of stakeholders.
The more you learn now from a wide range of people, the better you will be able to anticipate and understand the viewpoints of others.
Finally, others in your organization can help you successfully navigate the politics and systems of the organization. They know the organizational history, and they know how to get things done.

Satisfying key stakeholder expectations
Who cares about accounting? You do, right? So does your employer, your organization’s clients, your colleagues, other accountants, investors, creditors, public interest groups, taxpayers, the
CGA Association, and many others, either directly or indirectly. Each of these groups has a vested interest in the work that accountants do, and the qualifications, education, and experience of accountants. In some way, the work that accountants do will affect everyone.
The interests of some of these stakeholders are more obvious, such as those of your employer or supervisor, the Association, investors, and creditors. Others may be less obvious. For example, the public is affected when accounting information is used to influence a public policy decision, such as when stakeholders use accounting information to make their case or to refute arguments put forward by others.
Stock markets function effectively because the information reported is, for the most part, accurate and reliable. The effective functioning of stock markets is essential to the effective functioning of the economy.
The acts of even a single accountant can enhance or discredit the reputation of the entire profession. Thus, it is of concern to all accountants that each one receives a high caliber of education and training that includes development of ethical and professional judgment.
As a professional accountant, you will communicate and interact with a wide variety of stakeholders. You will represent their interests, consult with them, and sometimes advise them.
You will need to understand their perspectives and interests. As a student in the CGA program, it is important that you learn to recognize the needs and expectations of these stakeholders.

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Adherence to CEPROC
You were introduced to the CGA Code of Ethical Principles and Rules of Conduct (CEPROC) in your course studies. CEPROC outlines the obligations that CGAs and students in the CGA program have to the stakeholders in the profession. CGAs and students must put their duty to society ahead of their own interests. Doing so is an obligation incumbent on every professional.
It is also one of the ethical principles of the Association. In addition to the principles, there are specific rules. For example, there are rules related to the use of the term “specialist” and to the need for continuing professional development after certification. The rules may vary among the provinces and territories. For instance, some provincial Affiliates prohibit students from engaging as an independent public practitioner. You need to know both the general principles and the rules of conduct where you are registered as a student.

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CGA professional experience requirements

Focus on advanced level work experience
The first accounting job for most students is an entry-level position. The experience you gain in such a position helps prepare you for more advanced accounting or financial management roles.
As you progress in your studies and at work, you take on more complex work and assume greater responsibility in your department and organization. Whether your work is in accounting, assurance, finance, tax, systems, or another area, you will do work that is entry-level and work that is more advanced. It is the more advanced level work experience that you will draw from to report your professional experience and to demonstrate your professional competence as an aspiring accountant.

Overview of the CGA competency groups
The three broad competency groups that make up the CGA competency framework reflect the major responsibility areas of your work experience.
Leadership is an integral aspect of a CGA’s work in any business field or organizational role.
Leadership competencies relate to strategic management, business activity analysis, innovation, change management, and team development at all levels of an organization. They ensure that
CGAs move beyond technical mastery to develop the personal qualities and non-technical skills that are essential for senior executives and managers.
In documenting your experience, you must demonstrate that you are competent in the three
Leadership subject areas:
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•

Strategic and organizational leadership
Organizational effectiveness
Individual and team leadership and development

Professionalism refers to the integrity, objectivity, analytical skills, self-evaluation, social responsibility, and professional and ethical judgment that CGAs exercise in all aspects of their work. The professionalism competencies enhance a CGA’s performance as well as the reputation of the profession. CGAs are guided by the CGA Code of Ethical Principles and Rules of
Conduct. This Code and the professionalism of CGAs are just two of the reasons the CGA designation is held in high regard.
In documenting your experience, you must demonstrate that you are competent in the seven Professionalism subject areas:
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•
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Ethics and trust
Stakeholder focus
Communication
Integrative approach
Problem solving

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•
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Professional development
Professional self-evaluation

Professional Knowledge is the foundation on which CGAs build their technical expertise and meet the demand of the global business environment for specialized knowledge and skills.
Competencies in financial accounting and related financial management areas ensure that CGAs are able to analyze and deliver clear, reliable financial information and develop successful business strategies.
The Professional Knowledge competency group covers the technical skills of the accounting profession. In your PERC file, you must demonstrate your competence in at least three of the following seven Professional Knowledge subject areas:
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Financial accounting and reporting
Management accounting
Assurance and other related services
Finance and financial planning
Business environment
Information technology
Taxation

Demonstration of competencies
A competency is similar to a skill or ability that you demonstrate in a work environment. To demonstrate a competency means that you have, over time, done work that required you to apply specific knowledge, skills, and/or professional values. Duration, frequency, and complexity are necessary to demonstrate a competency. That is, the work must be complex rather than introductory, it must be performed over a sustained period of time, and you must perform the work more than once over a period of time.
Duration
Refers to the number of months of experience working on a particular competency (24 months is the minimum duration required to demonstrate a CGA competency). The duration of work on a competency can span one employment period or various employment positions with one or more employers.
Some students will be able to demonstrate all of the competencies in as little as 24 months.
However, each competency you claim must be demonstrated for 24 months, and it is unlikely that you will be able to work on all of the required competencies at the same time. Therefore, it generally takes longer than 24 months to gain the experience required for certification. It is more typical that you will be working at a professional level between 30 and 48 months before you have 24 months of experience in the required competencies in the three Leadership subject areas, the seven Professionalism subject areas, and three Professional Knowledge subject areas.
At least 12 months of professional level experience must be obtained while in the CGA program.

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Frequency
Refers to how often you perform a task that demonstrates a competency. Tasks you report may be performed
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•
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seldom (1-3 times per year); occasionally (4-5 times per year); frequently (more than 5 times per year); or regularly (as required to perform your responsibilities).

A frequency standard has been established for each competency statement. In the PERC system, your experience is assessed against the required standards to determine if you have matched the competency requirement.
Complexity
Refers to work performed at a sufficient level of responsibility to demonstrate competence.
To gain the professional experience required for certification, you must be engaged in, and responsible for, work that is sufficiently complex to involve the competencies set out in the CGA competency framework. Clerical work alone will not provide you with sufficiently complex experience to develop the skills and abilities of a professional accountant.
At the level of responsibility required for certification, it is likely that you will be supervising the work of junior accounting staff. You may be managing significant accounting projects or tasks, and it is likely that you have some autonomy over how your projects are completed. The scope and outcomes of a project may be outlined for you, and by using your professional knowledge and skills, you determine how the project will be executed. You likely have responsibility for its performance and outcome.
The skills, abilities, and knowledge you apply to the work are high-level; you will need to integrate things you have learned in multiple courses or in previous accounting positions. You will be doing work that requires you to
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apply concepts and techniques to new situations thoroughly analyze information distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information differentiate facts from assumptions and inferences develop preliminary conclusions make recommendations that are supported by your analysis and that add value for other decision makers

You will manage your work so that you complete it in a reasonable timeframe, and often without direct supervision.

In Part 3 of this guide (on career planning), Table 2 provides examples of the type of work that you will likely do at a more advanced level in your career, and that will provide you with the work experiences necessary to demonstrate your professional competence.

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Lapses in employment and part-time work
Periods in which you are not engaged in an accounting position are referred to as lapses in employment. Lapses in employment include
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parental leave maternity leave family responsibility leave unemployment caused by layoff or dismissal extended absences for travel if you work on short-term contracts, the period between contracts

Your annual vacation is not considered a lapse in employment.
Lapses in employment are excluded from the calculation of the 24-month duration that is required for each competency.
If you work less than 35 hours per week, your position is considered to be part-time. In calculating the duration of your experience, the number of months of experience is reduced to reflect that the position is part-time. For instance, if you work half-time, you will be given six months of credit for each 12 months of experience that you report.

Time limit
Students enter the CGA program at various levels depending on their previous post-secondary education. When you enrolled in the program, you were advised as to how many years you have to complete the program. Your professional experience must be completed within this period as well, but not later than three years after you complete all of your course and degree requirements. Employment outside Canada
Some of your advanced level experience may be gained prior to enrollment in the CGA program.
If you are from outside of Canada and are now a resident of Canada, at least 12 months of your experience must be at the professional level obtained while working in Canada.

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3

Career planning

As pointed out in Part 2 of this guide, the jobs you hold and the work you do early in your accounting career will differ in significant ways from your work experiences as you progress in your career. Recognizing these differences will help you to develop a career strategy and to monitor your progress in gaining appropriate professional experience.

Early-stage experience
At first you will likely be working under the close direction and supervision of your manager or another accountant. You will perform routine tasks on a daily or weekly basis, often performing the same type of task repeatedly. For example, you may work only on accounts receivable one day and then switch to accounts payable the next day. There will be well-established procedures for the work you do, and clearly defined steps to take when there are exceptions to the general situation. When exceptions occur for which no rule exists, you will turn to your supervisor for guidance. Table 1 provides examples of typical job responsibilities you may have in various positions and sectors in the early stage (foundation level) of your accounting career.
Table 1: Early-stage experience
Sector

Accounting position

Typical job responsibilities

Industry/Commerce

Accounts payable clerk
Accounts receivable clerk Purchases and sales reconciliations
Bank deposits
Computer order entry
Use of business software

Industry/Commerce

Accounting clerk

Accounts receivable
Accounts payable
Payroll support
General accounting functions
Clerical duties

Industry/Commerce

Junior accountant
Accounting assistant

Bank reconciliations
General ledger account reconciliations
Month-end adjusting entries
Year-end closing entries
Post cash

Industry/Commerce

Mutual fund clerk

Maintain books and records of funds
Daily portfolio valuation reports
Daily reconciliations of funds’ bank accounts PERC Student Guide

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Public practice

Accounting technician
Accounting student

Client bookkeeping
Accounting and tax files for corporations and individuals
Reception
Prepare presentations for clients

Not-for-profit

Finance assistant

Accounts payable
Use accounting software
Payroll
General ledger entries
Account reconciliations
Prepare trial balance
Assist with budgeting
File compliance and statistical reports

Not-for-profit

Accounting clerk

Accounts receivable
Accounts payable
Payroll
Bank deposits
Bank reconciliations

Public sector

Payroll clerk

Payroll support
Administer benefits plan
Provide employee support
Research payroll legislation
Inventory reconciliations
Bank reconciliations

Public sector

Financial clerk

Reconcile employee travel accounts
Prepare financial reports related to travel
Monitor budgeted travel resources

Although the positions you hold in the early stage of your career prepare you for more advanced work, they typically do not provide the depth and level of experience required to develop the competencies expected of a newly certified accountant.

Professional level career experience
As you progress in your accounting career, you will be given more responsibility and autonomy.
You may be supervising staff who are in the early stages of their accounting career, and who hold positions such as those described in Table 1. The tasks you do repeatedly will tend to be on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, rather than on a daily basis. This is not a hard-and-fast rule; for example, there are some cash management tasks that an organization’s treasurer will do every day. You may become more involved in the planning activities for your department or company. You may do more research and analytical work. You may be the person who decides how exceptions are handled, or who approves journal entries prepared by others. It is likely that the questions you handle will be from people in other departments, people who hold senior roles in your company, or from people outside your organization.

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Table 2 provides examples of typical responsibilities you may have in various accounting positions and sectors at a more advanced (professional) level in your career. The depth and breadth of experience you gain in these more advanced positions will help you develop the competencies expected of a newly certified accountant. This type of experience is also what you are likely to describe in your experience claims in the PERC system.
Table 2: Professional level career experience
Sector

Accounting position

Typical job responsibilities

Industry/Commerce

Cost accountant

Inventory valuation
Measure manufacturing performance
Prepare inventory journal entries
General ledger account reconciliations
Analysis of costs for management use
Prepare standard cost variance analysis
Cost reports
Assist in implementation of new costing systems Industry/Commerce

Corporate accountant

Prepare, enter, and post journal entries
Prepare financial statements
General ledger account reconciliations and analyses
Analyze spending and revenue variances and trends
Prepare year-end schedules
Prepare schedules and documentation for audits
Assist with annual budget

Industry/Commerce

Internal auditor

Audit functional areas

Industry/Commerce

Branch accountant

Prepare branch financial reports
Bank reconciliations
General ledger account reconciliations
Maintain fixed assets ledger
Prepare ad hoc analysis
Prepare month-end and year-end working papers Prepare spreadsheets and working papers to assist with annual budget

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Public practice

Staff accountant
Accounting technician

Review engagement file preparation
Compilation work
Audit work
Prepare initial tax plan for partner
Provide tax planning advice
Prepare personal, corporate, and trust tax returns
Present financial statements to client
Client billing responsibility

Not-for-profit

Controller

Administer financial and human resource support services
Develop and implement policies and procedures for delivery of services
Manage procedures related to financial resources Develop and manage accounting policies and practices
Staff supervision and training
Manage annual budgeting process
Prepare financial analyses
Advise senior managers on financial and accounting matters

Public sector

Financial management advisor Direct financial management services
Provide advice and support to responsibility centre managers and to senior departmental financial managers

Public sector

Professional tax auditor

Apply tax legislation fairly and consistently
Conduct audits to collect tax revenues due
Conduct effectiveness audits of government spending and program delivery Public sector

Assistant controller

Manage payroll
Manage budgets and budgeting process
Prepare financial statements
Evaluate financial systems
Evaluate management of financial assets
(cash and investments)

Steps for creating your career strategy
Tables 1 and 2 show the variety of areas in which you can work as an accountant. It is up to you to make a plan for your career. Think about the work you want to do, that you enjoy, and that you are passionate about. The work you do early in your career opens doors to other opportunities. Try to envision where you see yourself in three years or five years. Look for opportunities that will move you toward that vision.

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Step 1: Develop, implement, and revise your strategy
Write down your goals. Discuss them with colleagues, friends, and your supervisor. Ask for input from people you trust. Saying your goals out loud increases your commitment to them. By sharing your goals with others, you increase the number of people who might recognize an opportunity that is “perfect” for you.
As you gain more experience your interests may change and new opportunities will present themselves. You may need to revise your plan to reflect these changes. Having a plan will help you monitor your progress in gaining suitable work experience, and in recognizing when you need to consider other career opportunities.
In developing your career strategy, consider whether a particular organization can provide a range of opportunities and challenges that will enable you to gain a variety of work experiences while staying with the same employer. Larger organizations may have a greater number of unique accounting roles, whereas smaller organizations may provide the opportunity to see a project through from start to finish, assume a senior management role earlier in your career, or to take on whatever complex projects arise. Regardless of the size of the organization, you will want to learn from a supervisor who will provide feedback that allows you to grow from your experiences. It is important to work in an organization that promotes high standards of ethical conduct. If possible, seek employment in organizations that employ CGAs or other professional accountants; they will be able to guide your learning and work experiences in beneficial ways and help you obtain the professional experience you require.
Step 2: Identify three Professional Knowledge subject areas in which you have, or will gain, depth You are required to choose three Professional Knowledge subject areas to focus on. Are you currently working in one specific area? Where do you see yourself working in the future? What tasks could you do now that will help you transition to that field? What discussions have you had with your supervisor regarding your career goals?
Once you have determined the three subject areas that interest you, the easiest way to begin documenting your experience is to focus on the area in which you currently work. Review the experience examples in the PERC system related to the competencies in this subject area. What work experience do you have that demonstrates or relates to these skills? Jot down some notes about your experiences. Do you have experience in more than one subject area? If so, for each subject area consider how your work experience demonstrates or relates to the skills in these other areas.
If you do not have a lot of experience in at least three of the Professional Knowledge subject areas, consider what you would like to do in your career. Where do you want to work? What do you see yourself doing? By nature, different jobs tend toward expertise in different subject areas. Table 3 provides some examples.

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Table 3: Examples of job expertise by sector and role
Professional Knowledge subject area

Sectors with jobs that emphasize that expertise

Roles that tend to develop specific areas of expertise

Financial accounting and reporting

Public practice
Industry
Public sector (Government)

Public practice accountant
Corporate accountant
Financial accountant
Assistant controller
Controller
SOX specialist
IFRS specialist
Financial officer
Assistant accountant
Payroll accountant
Financial operations accountant
Investment accountant

Management accounting

Industry

Staff accountant
Cost (or budget) accountant
Property accountant
Project accountant
Capital asset accountant
Divisional controller

Assurance and other related services

Public practice
Industry
Public sector

Public practice accountant
Public practice auditor
Internal auditor
Compliance auditor
Tax auditor
Value-for-money auditor

Finance and financial planning Banking
Financial services
Not-for-profit
Public sector

Credit analyst
Financial analyst
Treasurer
Risk management specialist
Executive director

Business environment

All sectors

Mergers and acquisition specialist
All jobs

Information technology

Industry
Public practice
Public sector

Business analyst
Internal auditor
Internet services consultant
Financial application architect

Taxation

Public practice
Public sector
Industry

Public practice accountant
Auditor
Tax manager

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Step 3: Communicate with your supervisor
If you determine that you need additional experience in one or more of the Professional
Knowledge subject areas, make plans to gain work experience in those areas. What opportunities in your current department, or with your current employer or supervisor, will provide the work experience you want?
If you have not already done so, it may be helpful to discuss your interests with your supervisor and make your supervisor aware of your career goals. Once you and your supervisor agree on how you can gain suitable experience, it will be up to you to monitor your progress. Compare the work you are doing to the competencies or experience examples for the subject areas you are focusing on. Identify the competencies you are developing. You may choose to record your experience bi-annually, to identify competencies that you have developed. Alternatively, you may prefer to make notes that you can refer to and update your PERC file at a later time.
Step 4: Identify an approved verifier
You will need a qualified designated professional accountant to sign your PERC file. This person attests to the appropriateness of the professional accounting experience you report in relation to the CGA competencies. For the purpose of your PERC file, this person is called a verifier. (See
Part 4 of this guide for a description of the roles of the other members of your PERC team.)
The ideal person to verify your experience is your direct supervisor, if that person is a qualified professional accountant. If your direct supervisor is not a qualified professional accountant, someone else in your workplace who is a qualified professional accountant may be willing to act as the verifier for your PERC. This person must be at the same or higher level in the organization as your supervisor.
If there is no one in your organization who can act as the verifier for your experience, you will need to locate someone outside your organization. The more this person knows about your company and your role, the better they will be able to assist you. Consider the public accountant or auditor that your organization deals with, or another qualified designated professional accountant that you know.
Work with your supervisor to determine who is an appropriate verifier. It is important that you have the permission of your supervisor to share information about the organization with someone outside the organization, and that you have permission to contact potential verifiers directly. If you are having difficulty locating a qualified professional accountant to act as verifier, contact your CGA affiliate office for advice on how to locate a qualified professional accountant who will act as your verifier. As you work with a verifier outside your organization, you will be developing your professional network.
Qualified designated professional accountants include CGAs, Canadian CAs or CMAs, or other professional accountants who are certified by a member of IFAC and who are approved by your
CGA Association to act as a verifier. Accounting associations around the world are members of
IFAC. Professional accountants working in Canada may belong to an association from another part of the world, for example, CPA Australia.

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If the professional accountant you work with, or the professional accountant who is willing to act as your verifier, has an accounting designation that is not listed on the drop-down menu in the PERC system, enter the professional accountant’s designation when you submit your file.
The CGA affiliate office will review the designation at that time. (See Part 6 of this guide for details on submitting a file.)

Sample career paths
Appendix C: “Sample career paths” shows the progression of tasks and responsibilities in various business sectors, moving from the foundation level to the professional level. You may find these sample career paths helpful in matching your experience to different accounting and management roles.

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4

Substantiating your experience

Substantiating your work experience involves a team of people, all of whom have an interest in your success as an accountant. As with every team, each person has a particular role to play.

Team roles
You provide information about your employment and examples of your work experience using the online PERC questionnaire. In addition to yourself, your team will include your employer, your supervisor, and your verifier.
•

Your employer refers to the organization for which you work.

•

Your supervisor is the person you report to at work. Your supervisor reviews the experience claims you report in your PERC file and indicates whether or not he or she agrees that the experiences you report are things that you did. Your supervisor attests to your level of development in 1) ethics and trust, (2) professional self-evaluation, and (3) communication.

•

Your verifier is the designated professional accountant on your team. (Note: Your CGA affiliate office must approve any professional designations not included in the PERC system.)
Your verifier attests to the professional work experience you report in your PERC file. Your verifier reviews the experience claims you report and indicates whether or not they are appropriate for the related competency.

When to involve your supervisor and verifier
It is possible that your supervisor is also your verifier. This could be the case if the supervisor you report to is a qualified designated professional accountant. However, your supervisor cannot be your verifier if your supervisor is not a qualified professional accountant. Table 4 highlights your involvement with these individuals depending on whether or not you report to a qualified verifier.
Table 4: Guide to involving your supervisor and verifier
Question:

Answer:

Is your supervisor an approved professional accountant?

Yes
No

Go to:
A
B

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A: Students who report to a qualified verifier
1

2

Explain what you need to your supervisor.

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Explain the CGA Association’s requirements regarding professional experience required for certification.

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Provide your supervisor with a copy of the PERC Guide for Supervisors and Verifiers or the website URL for the guide.

•

Outline the requirements for experience in the Leadership and Professionalism competency groups. Identify any subject areas in which you believe you still need to gain more, or higher level, experience. Get your supervisor’s input on your performance in these areas. Discuss how you can gain the experience you require.

•

Outline the three Professional Knowledge subject areas in which you propose to gain the required technical competencies. Explain why you have selected these three subject areas and where you believe you are in terms of gaining the necessary experience.
Discuss how you can gain more, or higher level, experience.

•

Provide your supervisor with a printed copy of the PERC questionnaire for regular discussions. Enter your experience claims that demonstrate your competence.

•
•
•
3

4

Enter your experience claims in the online PERC system.
Provide examples from your own work experience to demonstrate how you believe you demonstrated the required competencies.
Regularly update the PERC questionnaire.

Meet regularly with your supervisor to discuss your work plan.

•

Meet with your supervisor regularly to discuss your work plan – how you are doing and what you need to do in the future to gain the professional experience you need to become certified as a CGA.

•

Provide your supervisor with a printed copy of the PERC questionnaire for regular discussions. Submit your PERC file either on an annual basis or if your position or employer has changed.

•

When you submit your PERC file, an e-mail is automatically sent to your supervisor with a link to your file online.

•

Your supervisor will review and attest to your file if he or she agrees that the experiences you report are things that you did and that they are appropriate for the competencies and experience examples with which you have aligned them.

•

If your supervisor disagrees, this can be indicated by selecting the appropriate box in the applicable section of the file, and adding a short note to indicate the area(s) of disagreement. •

A follow-up dialogue is created so that you can edit your file after your supervisor submits responses in your file.

•

You and your supervisor can pass your file back and forth electronically until all areas have been satisfactorily completed.

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B: Students who do not report to a qualified verifier
1

2

Explain what you need to your supervisor.

•

Explain the CGA Association’s requirements regarding professional experience required for certification.

•

Provide your supervisor with a copy of the PERC Guide for Supervisors and Verifiers or the website URL for the guide.

•

Outline the requirements for experience in the Leadership and Professionalism competency groups. Identify any subject areas in which you believe you still need to gain more, or higher level, experience. Get your supervisor’s input on your performance in these areas. Discuss how you can gain the experience you require.

•

Outline the three Professional Knowledge subject areas in which you propose to gain the required technical competencies. Explain why you have selected these three subject areas and where you believe you are in terms of gaining the necessary experience.
Discuss how you can gain more, or higher level, experience.

•

Provide your supervisor with a printed copy of the PERC questionnaire for regular discussions. Locate a verifier.

•

If your supervisor is not an approved professional accountant, meet with your supervisor to determine if there is an approved professional accountant in the organization who has first-hand knowledge of your work and who is in a position to verify your professional experience. Either you or your supervisor can then ask that individual to act as your verifier.

•

To act as your verifier, a qualified professional accountant within your organization must hold a position at a responsibility level equal to or higher than that of your supervisor. •

If there is no qualified professional accountant employed where you work, you must identify and make arrangements with a qualified professional accountant to act as your verifier. •

Meet with your supervisor to identify qualified professional accountants outside the organization who are knowledgeable about the organization and who might act as a verifier for the purposes of your PERC. You must have your supervisor’s permission to contact the external verifier directly, or to share confidential information with anyone outside the organization.

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3

4

5

Meet with your verifier on a regular basis.

•

Provide your verifier with a copy of the Guide for Supervisors and Verifiers: Your
Student’s Work Experience or the website URL for the guide.

•

Meet with your verifier to discuss your experience to date. Review your PERC file as you have completed it to this point. Discuss the gaps you or your supervisor have identified, or that your verifier identifies, and how you can gain the experience and competence you need in order to qualify for certification.

•

A printable copy of your PERC file is available for discussion with your verifier.

Enter your experience claims that demonstrate your competence.

•
•

Enter your experience claims in the online PERC system.

•
•

Update the PERC questionnaire as needed.

Provide examples from your own work experience to demonstrate how you believe you have demonstrated the required competencies.
A printable copy of the PERC questionnaire is available for regular and informal discussions with your supervisor and your verifier.

Submit your PERC file either on an annual basis or if your position or employer has changed.

•

When you submit your PERC file, an e-mail is automatically sent to your supervisor with a link to your file online.

•

Your supervisor will review and attest to your file if he or she agrees that the experiences you report are things that you did.

•

If your supervisor disagrees, this can be indicated by selecting the appropriate box in the applicable section of the file, and adding a short note to indicate the area(s) of disagreement. •

A follow-up dialogue is created so that you can edit your file after your supervisor submits responses in your file.

• You and your supervisor can pass your file back and forth electronically until all areas have been satisfactorily completed.

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6

When your supervisor has confirmed the information and submits your PERC file, your verifier will receive notification by e-mail. In the e-mail is a link that gives the verifier access to your file.

•

Your verifier will review the experience claims you report in your PERC file in terms of their appropriateness for the competencies with which you have aligned them.

•

If your verifier agrees that your experiences are appropriate, your verifier indicates this by completing the Declaration.

•

If your verifier disagrees with any of the information in your PERC file, this can be indicated by selecting the applicable section and adding a short note to indicate the area(s) and reasons for disagreement.

•

A follow-up dialogue is created so that you can edit your file after your verifier submits responses in your file.

•

When all areas of your file have been confirmed and your verifier has “signed off” your file by completing the Declaration, your Association is notified that your file is ready for review. Note: Emails from your supervisor and/or verifier should be from their professional or work email address. Other e-mail addresses will trigger additional review from your CGA affiliate office.

Meeting with your verifier
Recording and reporting your professional experience is a critical aspect of CGA qualification.
When it comes to planning, documenting, and developing a relationship with your verifier, you want to be in the driver’s seat.
Your responsibilities: Planning and documenting meetings
In terms of the PERC reporting process, you are responsible for determining how often and when you need to meet with your verifier. You will need to schedule the meetings and plan the agendas. It is up to you to document those meetings. It is recommended that you keep notes regarding the discussions and any suggestions as to how you can satisfy the experience requirements for certification.
Developing a relationship with a qualified professional accountant
Part 3 of this guide described how to identify and select a qualified professional accountant to act as your verifier when there is no qualified professional accountant where you work. This situation presents you with special challenges that also happen to be a great opportunity in that you are able to learn from a designated professional accountant and develop your professional network. PERC Student Guide

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When you work with someone and see them daily, or at least regularly, you have many opportunities to interact with that person and to develop a relationship with them. In that type of relationship, the accountant knows what is going on in your workplace and can help you to identify and take advantages of opportunities at work.
When your verifier is not at your workplace, you will need to work harder to develop an effective relationship with this team member. Keep in touch with your verifier. You do not need to be pushy; however, there are several things you can do to keep the communication flowing.
Periodically send a short e-mail describing your work assignments and opportunities. Stay in contact and update your verifier with the occasional phone call; or meet your verifier occasionally for coffee or lunch.
Regardless of whether your verifier is from within or outside your workplace, be respectful of the verifier’s time. When you make an appointment with your verifier, keep it. Be on time and be prepared. Know what questions you need to ask. Offer to e-mail your questions before your meeting, but be sure to keep them brief and to the point. Do not dismiss your verifier’s suggestions; take them seriously. If you are unclear as to the reason for a suggestion, ask for clarification. Be open, and be honest about where you are, what your interests are, and where you see yourself in the future.

Acting on suggestions and guidance from your supervisor and verifier
If your verifier identifies gaps in your experience and competency development, it is important that you document and address these so that your verifier is confident in attesting to the fact that you have the experience necessary for certification.
Make note of suggestions made by your supervisor and/or verifier. Carefully consider these suggestions, and determine how you can act on them to gain the experience you need, or to address the concerns these individuals identify. As a qualified professional accountant, your verifier has a good understanding of the experience required of a newly certified accountant.
Your verifier will only be willing to sign off on your PERC file if he or she is satisfied that you have accurately documented your competency development.
Once you have considered the suggestions and determined how you can act on them, prioritize them. Consider prioritizing them in terms of items you can do quickly and items that will take longer to complete, or experience that you can gain as part of your current job responsibilities and experience that will require you to ask for additional job assignments and responsibilities.
Set yourself goals for gaining the experience you need, and estimate when you will achieve each of your goals.
Once you have prioritized your experience goals and developed a plan for achieving them, regularly review your progress. When you meet one of your goals, check it off and congratulate yourself. Then choose another goal to focus on. If your verifier is outside the organization where you work, send the verifier a short e-mail describing how you have met one of your experience goals. PERC Student Guide

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Keeping a journal, portfolio, or other documentary evidence
When your verifier is not from your workplace, you may need to keep extra documentation related to the projects you are doing. This might be in the form of a journal in which you summarize major projects, what you learned in doing them, and what you know at the end that you did not know when you started. Alternatively, it might be just a file folder in which you keep copies of projects or the title pages of reports you have written. It could also be as simple as a piece of paper with your experience goal at the top of the paper, followed by the plan you developed for meeting that goal, what you did to gain the experience, and when you did it.
When you meet one of your experience goals, document it. This will help make sure you don’t forget it the next time you update your PERC file. Regardless of the form of documentation you use, the purpose of the documentation is to remind yourself and to explain to your verifier what you have done, often several months and many other projects later.

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5

Getting ready to report in the PERC system

Frequency of reporting
It is recommended that you begin the process of reporting your professional experience when you have 10 or fewer courses remaining in the CGA program. This may coincide with your admission to the program, depending on your qualifications, past education, and transfer credits. For early feedback, it is advisable to start reporting your experience as soon as possible, but when you enter level 4. Most CGA affiliates will require regular submissions. If you are unsure of how to start reporting your experience, please review the information published on your affiliate’s website or contact your local CGA office directly.
After this point, it is recommended that you add to your PERC file at least annually. You may choose to update it more frequently, for instance, at critical events such as when either you or your supervisor are about to be transferred or promoted, if you are changing jobs, or if your supervisor gives notice that he or she is leaving the organization.
You are responsible for gaining the required professional experience and reporting it in the PERC system. Meeting regularly with your supervisor or verifier to discuss your experience will help you stay on track. You may want to schedule meetings every six months. Whether you schedule these meetings at the same time as your performance review, or at a separate time, is up to you and your supervisor or verifier. Be sure to keep the focus of these meetings on gaining the experience you need for certification.

Documenting your experience claims
The experience examples in the online PERC system are organized around the broad groups of the CGA competency framework – Leadership, Professionalism, and Professional Knowledge – and the subject areas within each group. For example, the Leadership group shows three subject areas: Strategic and Organizational Leadership, Organizational Effectiveness, and Individual and
Team Leadership and Development.
When you click a subject area such as “Strategic and Organizational Leadership,” you see examples of experience related to the required competencies in that area. Each competency is illustrated by two or more experience examples. Keep in mind that these are examples, and that your experiences will be different. Review the examples and use them as a starting point for reflecting on your own experiences. Consider the key point in each example that demonstrates the competency. Have you done this, or something similar to it? What are the situations in your work that might require you to do something using this skill?
Table 5 shows experience examples for a specific subject area from each competency group.

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Table 5: Illustrative experience examples
Competency group: Leadership
Subject area: Strategic and Organizational Leadership
Experience examples: a: Gather information to support an organizational or department SWOT analysis. b: Identify the types of resources needed to carry out assigned tasks and reach performance objectives. Competency group: Professionalism
Subject area: Stakeholder Focus
Experience examples: a: Identify, gather, and verify information about client by double-checking and seeking out other sources of information. b: Establish processes for regularly connecting with internal or external clients to discuss critical business issues.
Competency group: Professional Knowledge
Subject area: Financial Accounting and Reporting
Experience examples: a: Analyze organization’s and/or department’s accounting policies and procedures to ensure they are current. b: Evaluate alternative acceptable accounting policies and procedures to determine most appropriate in the circumstances.

Questions to ask yourself
•

What is the key element of my own experience that shows I have developed this competency? (Focus on the parts of your experience that relate directly to the competency.)

•

What was my role? What did I actually do? What did my supervisor do? What did my co-workers or others do?

•

What was my responsibility in terms of this project or experience? Was I doing: Planning?
Managing? Proposing? Reading? Writing a report? Explaining to others? (As you write about your experience, focus on what you did, and less on what others did.)

•

What did I learn? What skills did I have at the end of the project or experience that I did not have at the start? (As you write about your experience, be sure to emphasize how what you learned, and the new skills you developed, show that you have acquired the competency.)

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Gathering documents to submit
It is important that you submit any supporting documents with your PERC file that you believe will assist the Association’s reviewer in evaluating your file. Documents you might submit are your most recent résumé, job descriptions of your current or previous positions, certificates or awards, letters from current or previous employers or supervisors, or your performance review.
Be sure that the documents you submit with your file add something to the record of your experience. Including a short note that directs the reviewer to the pertinent portions of a document will ensure the reviewer understands why you have included it.

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6

Using the online PERC system

Creating a profile
Each CGA Affiliate provides access to the online PERC system through its Affiliate website.
You begin the process of reporting your professional experience by creating a profile. This is for your personal identification only.
Figure 1: Create profile

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Creating an employment file the first time
Next you create an employment file. Into this file you enter information about your employment position, including the name of your employer and your start date with your employer, your position, and the date you started the position.
When you start a new file, the date field will be empty. Typically, the start date in a new file will be the date immediately following the end date of your previous file.
Figure 2: Create an employment file.

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Your employment files – with one or more employers
If you have already created one or more employment files, when you log in you are presented with a list of your employment files.
Figure 3: Employment file list

When you are ready to update your file, you are given the option of creating a completely new file or copying an existing file to create a new file. If you copy an existing file to create a new file, it will be populated with information you entered in the previous file, including the basic identifying information about your employer and the experience you previously reported. It will also set the start date for the new experience examples you report as the day immediately following the end date of the PERC file you copied. If you create a new file, all of the fields are blank and you will need to enter all of the basic identifying information about your employment.
If you have changed employers since the last time you updated your PERC file, you need to create a new file. If you have a different position with the same employer, you must submit for review and verification the file related to your previous position, and create a new file for the new position. However, if you are with the same employer and in the same position, it is recommended that you copy your existing file to a new file.
If you have more than one employer at the same time, you create a separate file for each employer. However, you are limited to having only two active files at any time.

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When you select an active employment file, you are able to view detailed information about that employment. The edit function is active.
Figure 4: Active employment file showing detailed information

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The questionnaire summary for an employment file indicates the competency groups and specific subject areas you have responded to, and whether your supervisor has agreed or disagreed with your experience claims. Prior to your supervisor reviewing the file, there are no
Agree or Disagree indications.
Figure 5: Questionnaire summary prior to supervisor review

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Figure 6: Questionnaire summary showing the supervisor’s response

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Entering experience in the PERC questionnaire
The PERC questionnaire is organized around the three competency groups – Leadership,
Professionalism, and Professional Knowledge – and the subject areas within each group. When you click a subject area such as Financial Accounting and Reporting, you see experience examples related to the required competencies in that area.
After reading each experience example, decide if you have related experience in your job. If so, describe your experience: Outline what you did, how often you did it, and what the outcomes were. Try to include information that will assist the reviewer at your CGA affiliate office to understand how your experience relates to the competency statement. Your description should be no more than two well-constructed sentences.
Figure 7: Personal experience descriptions

Here is an example based on the following Financial Accounting and Reporting competency from the Professional Knowledge competency group:
Evaluates, interprets, and advises on accounting policies and procedures in accordance with professional standards (standards for not-for-profit, public and private corporations, and the public sector).

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For this competency, the illustrative examples in the PERC system are: a: Analyze organization’s and/or department’s accounting policies and procedures to ensure they are current. b: Evaluate alternative acceptable accounting policies and procedures to determine most appropriate in the circumstances.
If you wrote procedure manuals to ensure that accounting department staff in your organization follow appropriate procedures, you could make this experience claim:
When the company implemented new custom accounting software, I wrote procedure manuals for accounts receivable, accounts payable, and payroll functions. I wrote three separate manuals, one time each.
In the notes section of your PERC file, you may insert additional comments or explanations.
Figure 8: Notes

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You may also attach documents to your file, including letters of commendation, your résumé, your job description, or other documents.
Figure 9: Attachments

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Submitting a PERC file
When you are satisfied that your PERC file is up-to-date, submit the file to your supervisor/verifier. Figure 10: File submission

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When you submit your PERC file, your supervisor automatically receives an e-mail containing a link to that specific employment file.
Your current supervisor will be able to see only the details of the competencies and experience examples in the PERC file you are submitting for verification. Your current supervisor will not be able to see, or to verify, experience you gained with a previous employer, or to see the details of that experience.
Figure 11: Supervisor Assess status

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Your supervisor reviews your experience claims for the three competency groups, and indicates agreement or disagreement with each subject area as a whole. If your supervisor disagrees with an experience claim, he or she will enter a note in the Comments field.
Figure 12: Supervisor note in the Comments field

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The Verification column in the questionnaire summary shows the subject areas for which the supervisor has indicated agreement or disagreement.
Figure 13: Subject areas showing supervisor agreement/disagreement

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When your supervisor disagrees with one of your experience claims, the status of the file is set to “follow up.” You may then make changes to the information and resubmit the file to your supervisor. Figure 14: Follow-up status

You will receive an e-mail advising you to review and follow up on the file.
Figure 15: Follow-up e-mail

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After you have completed the necessary follow-up and your supervisor has reviewed your PERC file, your supervisor will complete the employer attestation; the employer attestation includes questions in three subject areas: ethics and trust, professional self-evaluation, and communication. Figure 16: Employer attestation

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As a student, you may only read (not edit) the attestation section of the file. Your supervisor completes this section.
Figure 17: Attestation section for supervisors

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If your supervisor believes you have not yet displayed all of the qualities referred to in the employer attestation, the attestation is considered incomplete.
Figure 18: Incomplete attestation

Status of your PERC files
When you submit your PERC file, it will be reviewed by a number of people. The status of your file will change at each stage in the review process.
•

As noted already, when you create a file, its status is “New.”

•

When your supervisor indicates agreement with the experience claims you make in your file, the status changes to indicate the file is ready for the next stage of review. You will be advised by e-mail that your supervisor has indicated agreement; the status of your file will be set to “Supervisor Assess” and the file forwarded to your verifier.

•

When your verifier declares that the experience claims you make in your PERC file are appropriate for the related competencies, the status changes to “Confirmed” to indicate your file is ready for the next stage of review. You will be advised by e-mail that your verifier has indicated agreement. The affiliate PERC administrator is notified to assign a reviewer.

•

Once the status of your employment file is set to “Confirmed,” your PERC file undergoes a standard assessment by the reviewer. If the reviewer has questions or determines that some of the experience claims are not appropriate or satisfactory, or if there are other

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reasons for additional work on your file, the reviewer makes notes about these areas and the status of your file changes to “Follow up.” You will receive an e-mail indicating the results of the review.
•

If there are no such concerns and the reviewer is satisfied with the experience claims you make in the file, the reviewer indicates this and the status of the file is set as “Finalized.”

If at any stage during the review process you are advised of a matter in your file that needs attention, the status of the file will be “Follow up.” If you are not able to address the matter satisfactorily, you may choose to change the status of the file to “Omit.” Doing so will mean that this particular file will not be included in the overall assessment of your accumulated work experience. Intervention by your affiliate PERC administrator
At your CGA affiliate office, intervention is required under three conditions: (1) the presence of
“no” responses in the employer attestation, (2) lack of an arm’s length relationship between you and your verifier, and (3) the accounting credential held by your verifier. If there are no concerns in these areas, a reviewer is assigned by the affiliate office to finalize your file and you will receive an e-mail notice.
Your CGA affiliate office may request follow up from you. If so, you will be advised by e-mail that this is the case and the status of your file will change to “Follow up.” You will need to follow up on the issues indicated by the notes in the file.

Reviewer’s consolidated assessment
The reviewer evaluates all of your PERC files with the status “Finalized.” If the reviewer is satisfied that you have met all of the professional experience requirements, the reviewer indicates this by noting the consolidated assessment as “Recommended.”
Your files are reviewed a final time by an affiliate PERC administrator to confirm that you have met all of the professional experience requirements for certification. If you have met all the requirements, the status of your PERC assessment is set to “Completed.” You will be advised that you have successfully met the professional experience requirements for CGA certification.

Time limit
Your completed PERC status is valid for three years. That is, you are expected to complete all of your course work within three years of satisfying all of the professional experience requirements. If you met your PERC more than three years prior to completing your course work, you may be required to submit an updated PERC file.

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7

How the PERC system evaluates your experience

Self-assessment
When you document your experience in the online PERC system, you have the option of opening an updated status report indicating the experience requirements for certification that you have met and those that remain outstanding. When you select an assessment, you have three options:
1. Base update on Finalized files only.
2. Base update on Finalized and Confirmed files.
3. Base update on All Files. Only this last option includes the PERC information you just entered. Figure 19: Requirements assessment

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Flags in the system
The PERC system tracks your progress toward meeting the experience requirements. Prior to meeting the requirements in a subject area, you will see one of the following flags:
•

“No Related Experience” if you have not indicated that you have experience related to any of the competencies in that subject area.

•

“Under Development” if you have indicated you have related experience for some competencies in a subject area, but fewer than 66.7%

When you have met the professional experience requirements in a subject area, you will see the following flag:
•

“PERC Requirement Met”; this indicates you have reported experience related to at least
66.7% of the competencies in the subject area.

The PERC system also tracks your supervisor’s reporting on the employer attestation competencies. Your score in this area is determined by the answers your most recent supervisor provides to the attestation questions. Your supervisor will attest to your competence in ethics and trust, professional self-evaluation, and communication by completing the employer attestation section at the end of your file.
Prior to demonstrating that you have acquired the employer attestation competencies, you will see one of the following flags:
•

“No Related Experience” if your most recent supervisor has not responded to any of the attestation questions.

•

“Under Development” if your most recent supervisor answers "no" to any of the attestation questions. When you have demonstrated that you have acquired the employer attestation competencies, you will see the following flag:
•

“PERC Requirement Met”; this indicates that your most recent supervisor answered “yes” to all of the attestation questions.

Consolidated assessment
Scoring is done using the consolidated results of all “Finalized” PERC files. The online system includes the option to run the scoring engine, including files that have a status other than
“Finalized.” The rest of this section explains.
Each competency statement, subject area, and competency group is assessed individually. In addition, your supervisor must answer each of the questions in the employer attestation regarding your competence in ethics and trust, professional self-evaluation, and communication. PERC Student Guide

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Competency statement
You demonstrate you have acquired a competency by submitting an experience claim of something you have done (as attested to by your supervisor) that is an appropriate example of work related to the competency (as attested to by your verifier or supervisor) and that is accepted as satisfactory by the CGA Association.
a. Duration: Duration refers to the number of months that have elapsed since the first time you performed the task that demonstrates the competency and the date you report the competency in your PERC file. You must have 24 months of experience with every competency for which you claim experience.
b. Frequency: You will be asked to indicate how frequently you perform the task that demonstrates the competency – seldom, occasionally, frequently, or regularly.
You need 24 months of experience working on a competency to demonstrate that you have acquired that competency, and you must perform the related task at the expected frequency for that competency. A 24-month period begins with the date you first report a work experience related to a competency.
Subject area
You must demonstrate that you have acquired 2/3 (or 66.7%) of the competencies in a subject area to be considered competent in that area. For example, the Strategic and Organizational
Leadership subject area comprises 10 competency statements. You must demonstrate that you have acquired 7 of the 10 competencies in this subject area.
Competency group
The competency groups are Leadership, Professionalism, and Professional Knowledge.
a. In the Leadership and Professionalism groups, you must demonstrate competence in all of the subject areas.
There are 3 subject areas in Leadership and 7 subject areas in Professionalism.
b. In the Professional Knowledge competency group, you must demonstrate competence in 3 of the 7 subject areas.
Employer attestation
You will have met the requirements in this area when your current supervisor has answered yes to each of the questions in the employer attestation.
Overall
When you have met the standards for duration and frequency in each subject area and competency group, and your supervisor has answered yes to each of the questions in the employer attestation, your PERC file as whole will be evaluated by your CGA affiliate office.

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8

Working with your CGA association

The Association’s expectations
The CGA Association expects that you will actively seek work opportunities at an increasing level of responsibility so that you gain work experience appropriate to a newly certified CGA. While it is not necessary that you have all of your required experience by the time you complete your studies, you should be well on your way. You are expected to have submitted at least one PERC file by the time you complete your courses. If you have not met the experience requirements by the time you complete your studies, you will be asked to demonstrate to the Association how your current position will enable you to attain the professional experience required for certification. Verification and assessment
Completed PERC files are evaluated on a regular basis by reviewers at your CGA affiliate office.
All PERC files are evaluated by an Association reviewer.
On a sample basis, the Association will audit some student PERC files. Your affiliate office may contact you for additional information about experience you report in your file. Your affiliate office may also contact your employer(s), supervisor(s), or verifier(s) to confirm experience you report. These contacts do not necessarily mean there is a problem with your PERC. It may mean that additional clarification is required, or it may be part of the routine spot checking the
Association does.

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Appendix A: Glossary
Advisor: A Certified General Accountants Association staff member who assists students enrolled in the CGA Program of Professional Studies with their course planning and course scheduling, and who assists students having difficulty gaining the necessary accounting work experience to qualify for certification. Advisors do not make work placements, but they answer questions, and provide suggestions and advice.
Affiliate PERC administrator: An Association staff member who monitors PERC submissions and communications. Competence: “Being able to perform a work role to a defined standard, with reference to real working environments.” International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), 2008.
Competency: A specific behavior whereby a professional applies knowledge, skills, and/or professional values in a work environment; the behavior can be defined, demonstrated, observed, and assessed.
Employer: The organization for which the student enrolled in the CGA program works.
Experience claim: The work experience students report in their PERC files in the column
“Personal Experience Description.”
Experience example: A sample or illustration of experience related to the required competency in a subject area. Each competency is illustrated by two experience examples.
Pre-assessed position: A specific position at a specific employer that will provide the incumbent with work experience that meets the Association’s professional experience requirements for certification. (View the positions applicable to your Association in the PERC system drop-down menu.) Professional Experience Required for Certification (PERC): An online reporting process
(questionnaire) used by students in the CGA program for the purpose of documenting their accounting work experience that demonstrates they have the competencies expected of a newly certified CGA.
Reviewer: A CGA engaged by the CGA Association who evaluates students’ completed PERC files to determine if the documented experience satisfies the Association’s requirements.
Student: An individual enrolled in the CGA Program of Professional Studies. The individual may be actively engaged in their studies or registered as an inactive student.
Supervisor: The individual to whom a student enrolled in the CGA program reports in their workplace. Verifier: A qualified professional accountant, designated by an “approved” member of the
International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), who attests to the professional work experience of a student enrolled in the CGA program.

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Appendix B: Frequently asked questions
1. What is an approved verifier?
Accounting associations around the world are members of IFAC, including CGA-Canada and the other two Canadian professional accounting associations. Professional accountants working in Canada may belong to an association from another part of the world, for example, the Certified Public Accountants of Australia. For purposes of verifying students’ work experience, the Certified General Accountants Association has “approved” some of these other associations from around the world. This means that an accountant who belongs to one of these approved associations may act as your verifier. If the professional accountant you work with, or the professional accountant who is willing to act as your verifier, has an accounting designation that is not on this list, enter the professional accountant’s designation when you submit your PERC file and the CGA affiliate office will review the designation at that time.
2. My work experience is from outside Canada. Can it be recognized to meet the professional experience requirements?
Your previous experience while working overseas can be included in your PERC file if it can be verified by your former supervisor, and the supervisor is a qualified professional accountant (see FAQ #1 for the definition of an approved IFAC designated accountant).
Alternatively, you may have a verifier other than your former supervisor who is a qualified professional accountant, has detailed knowledge of your work experience, and is available to sign your PERC file.
For more advice on verifying your experience gained while working outside Canada, contact an advisor at your CGA affiliate office (www.cga.org).
3. How do I find a qualified professional accountant who can verify experience I gained outside Canada?
Contact a qualified professional accountant that you know and who is willing to attest to the accuracy and appropriateness of the experience claims you wish to report based on the experience you gained outside Canada.
4. How can I get help using the PERC system?
Use the “help” button in the upper right-hand corner of the system screen to open student instructions. PERC Student Guide

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Appendix C: Sample career paths
Career Path to Becoming a CGA
Property Management Sector
Sample Experience Paths

Foundation Level Experience
 Junior level accounting
 Basic bookkeeping
 Transactions related to

 Transaction processing
 Revenue/expense allocation
 Prepare financial statements

record revenues

Early Professional Level Experience
 Supervise staff
 Responsible for financial statements and forecasts

 Manage investments and cash flow
 Involved with budgeting and project planning  Responsible for several properties involving significant amounts of money Late Professional Level Experience
 Train and manage staff
 Responsible for numerous properties, including commercial, industrial, and residential

 Detailed analysis and preparation of financial budgets
 Cash management and investment management PERC Student Guide

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Career Path to Becoming a CGA
Public Practice Sector
Sample Experience Paths

Foundation Level Experience
 Bookkeeping
 Clerical work
 Complete government forms



Prepare personal income tax returns 

Compliance work with audits

Early Professional Level Experience



Assist with preparing financial statements 

Prepare corporate income tax returns and all related forms



Prepare trust returns

 Assist and train junior staff
 Supervise junior staff

Late Professional Level Experience
 Prepare and review financial





statements
Complete corporate tax returns
Prepare management letters
Involved with corporate tax planning Train and manage staff

 Responsible for planning, budgeting, and preparing audit files  Prepare budgets and cash flow projections  Involved with forensic accounting engagements PERC Student Guide

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Career Path to Becoming a CGA
Systems Sector
Sample Experience Paths
Foundation Level Experience
Small Organization

 Bookkeeping
 Data entry
 Programming small database design  Clerical duties
 Systems implementation

Large Organization

 Systems installation and implementation  Programming small data base design
 Processing spreadsheets and forms

Early Professional Level Experience
Small Organization

 Systems and procedures development  System analysis
 Set up and maintain networks and network applications
 Design financial models for organization Large Organization

 Functional requirements for system





enhancements
System/Business analysis
Systems and procedures development Process re-engineering projects
Project leader or manager on small projects Late Professional Level Experience









Small Organization
Financial systems design
Business analysis
Business re-engineering
Project leader or manager on corporate projects
Corporate systems and major software acquisition
RFP preparation and insurance
System selection
Design corporate applications

Large Organization

 Senior business analysis
 Departmental or financial

representative for large team projects
 Responsible for departmental applications PERC Student Guide

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Career Path to Becoming a CGA
Industry/Manufacturing Sector
Sample Experience Paths

Foundation Level Experience






Small Organization
Bookkeeping
Clerical duties
Data entry
Transaction processing
General/junior level accounting






Large Organization
Data entry
Inventory
Invoices, payable, receivables
Payroll and coding

Early Professional Level Experience








Small Organization
Senior level accounting
Business analysis
Prepare and review statements
Manage investment portfolio
Supervise and manage employees
System implementation
Review policies and procedures









Large Organization
Management accounting
Price and market analysis
Business and process analysis
Re-engineering and restructuring
Internal audit
Financial analysis
Process or project cost models

Late Professional Level Experience
Small Organization

 Project leader
 Senior business analyst
 Responsible for financial operations, financial systems, and financial planning  Liaise with senior auditors








Large Organization
Senior level accounting
Budget analysis
Strategic planning analysis
Senior policy analysis
Re-engineering and restructuring
Internal auditing and marketing models PERC Student Guide

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Career Path to Becoming a CGA
Not-for-Profit Sector
Sample Experience Paths

Foundation Level Experience
Small Organization

 Bookkeeping
 Billing and data entry
 Clerical duties

Large Organization

 Computer transactions
 Reporting
 Clerical duties

Early Professional Level Experience
Small Organization

 Responsible for accounting functions, cash flow, cash management
 Secretarial duties
 Treasurer duties
 Finalizes financial statements and information to senior government agencies and Board of Directors

Large Organization
Senior level accounting duties
Manage/Supervise staff
Cost and billing analysis
Systems implementation and enhancements  Revenues and expenses to programs and/or funding sources
 Program analysis
 Cost-benefit analysis






Late Professional Level Experience
Small Organization

 Financial planning and forecasting
 Manage financial statements and






reports
Implement computer systems
Hire, train, manage junior staff
Manage investments and finances
Program planning and analysis
Report to Board of Directors

Large Organization

 Manage financial statements,







including inter-company transactions and consolidations
Program planning and analysis
Hire, train, manage staff
Manage investments
Complex reports for government or funding agencies
Report to Board of Directors and/or senior management

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Career Path to Becoming a CGA
Banking Sector
Sample Experience Paths

Foundation Level Experience
 Small loans
 Customer Service
 Data entry





Computer transactions
Reconciliations
Standard form processing

Early Professional Level Experience



Financial planning for small businesses 

Review business plans/financial proposals for small businesses



Supervise junior staff

 Provide analysis and recommendations to medium to large businesses
 Review and interpret financial information  A ll l li f di

Late Professional Level Experience
 Review, interpret, and analyze

 Project risk analysis for medium to

financial information
 Handle international financing and large transactions (hundreds of thousands)  Manage staff

large organizations
 Directly work with medium to large businesses and corporate financing

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