Peri-Urbanisation Case Study

Fig. 8: Built-up property formation process in the peri-urban areas (Source: Nkwae, 2006 as cited by Adam, 2014)

2.2.4 Peri-Urbanisation: The Global Perspective
The surfacing of urban development outside designated urban boundaries has been a global phenomenon, but the challenge is that it occurs at a much higher scale in most developing countries, leading to rapid change that is usually unmanageable given the economic status of most of these nations. (Allen, 2003)
Studies in the late 1980s perceived peri-urban growth as characterised by poverty and informal economies in developing countries, particularly Africa (Browder & Bohland, 1995). East Asian peri-urbanisation is rather different in the sense that it is characterized by formal land
It is on the basis of this that this study has been initiated to provide answers that will be practical.

2.2.6 Types of peri-urbanisation: peri-urban variants
Although peri-urbanisation is broadly similar across the countries and continents of the world, there are variations in the way they occur, their relative importance, their drivers and how these drivers are processed by local institutions and the socio-economic circumstances in which they occur (Webster & Muller, 2004).
Webster & Muller (2004) identified five major cross-cultural/cross-continental variants in peri-urbanisation resulting from different drivers, economic systems, demographic conditions and historical developments. They are;
2.2.7 North-American variant
According to Webster & Muller (2004), peri-urbanisation is a relatively new urban phenomenon in metropolitan regions of North American. It differs greatly from that in developing countries in that its economy is based on services, commercial activities and not manufacturing. Another important aspect is that it is politically, economically and commercially independent of the main
(2013), it was the multiplicity of challenges faced by peri-urban settlements in Europe in terms of impact and significance as well as how to turn the peri-urban growth towards sustainable development that was the major driving force in the Peri-urban Land Use Relationships (PLUREL) projects carried out in Europe.
According to Piorr et al. (2010) as cited in The PLUREL Project (2011), the PLUREL research identified three main issues responsible for the “governance gap” and fragmentation in governance structures that made monitoring of land use changes in peri-urban areas difficult. They include; the general problems with the capacity of the formal government systems and planning policy regime to control land use changes in EU member states.
Secondly, the challenge of spatial planning lacking the legal strength and capacity and its lack of influence of infrastructure provision. Besidesthis is the problem of (NIMBY – ‘Not in my backyard’) from city administrators (Piorr et al., 2010). Thirdly, the financial and taxation system that often creates incentive for urban sprawl; either directly or