Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from Pshs-Irc by Indirect Titration
Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from PSHS-IRC by Indirect Titration
Researchers
Anna Marie S. Cabatbat
Crystal Jill R. Mangsat
Jan Michael Maturan
Charlene Lou A. Nicer
Arian Paul D. Norcio
Submitted to the Faculty of the
Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Science and Technology Research 2
March 2013
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness in terms of calcium carbonate concentration of water samples from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen of PSHS-IRC together with the commercial drinking water Nature Spring, Absolute, and Wilkins through indirect titration. Water hardness was identified by the amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in ppm. The control group consisting of the branded commercialized drinking water had a concentration less than 43 ppm of CaCO3 and was considered as soft based on table of water hardness classification. The water samples collected from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen have CaCO3 concentrations greater than 43 ppm and were classified as slightly hard. The water sample from the Boys’ dormitory had the highest concentration of 87.420 ppm and the water sample from Gymnasium had the lowest concentration of 52.712 ppm. Based from the results, the samples from the different sources contained significant amount of CaCO3 which may cause further problems in pipe clogging, health, laundry, and utility from these sources.
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from PSHS-IRC by Indirect Titration,” prepared by Anna Marie S. Cabatbat, Crystal Jill R. Mangsat, Jan Michael Maturan, Charlene Lou A. Nicer, and Arian Paul D. Norcio, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Science Technology Research 2, has been examined on March __, 2013 and passed by the Oral Examination
Researchers
Anna Marie S. Cabatbat
Crystal Jill R. Mangsat
Jan Michael Maturan
Charlene Lou A. Nicer
Arian Paul D. Norcio
Submitted to the Faculty of the
Philippine Science High School – Ilocos Region Campus in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Science and Technology Research 2
March 2013
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the permanent water hardness in terms of calcium carbonate concentration of water samples from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen of PSHS-IRC together with the commercial drinking water Nature Spring, Absolute, and Wilkins through indirect titration. Water hardness was identified by the amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in ppm. The control group consisting of the branded commercialized drinking water had a concentration less than 43 ppm of CaCO3 and was considered as soft based on table of water hardness classification. The water samples collected from the Boys’ dormitory, Administration Building, Gymnasium, Girls’ dormitory, and Canteen have CaCO3 concentrations greater than 43 ppm and were classified as slightly hard. The water sample from the Boys’ dormitory had the highest concentration of 87.420 ppm and the water sample from Gymnasium had the lowest concentration of 52.712 ppm. Based from the results, the samples from the different sources contained significant amount of CaCO3 which may cause further problems in pipe clogging, health, laundry, and utility from these sources.
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “Permanent Water Hardness of Water Sources from PSHS-IRC by Indirect Titration,” prepared by Anna Marie S. Cabatbat, Crystal Jill R. Mangsat, Jan Michael Maturan, Charlene Lou A. Nicer, and Arian Paul D. Norcio, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Science Technology Research 2, has been examined on March __, 2013 and passed by the Oral Examination
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