Personality

Personality Lab report – Notes:

Definition of the Big 5 traits and the 3 uses of music – introduction

In the abstract, be as specific as you can about the hypotheses. You might like to list the ones supported and the ones not supported. "The relationship between x and y, and a and b, but not between c and d, were significant"

The procedure is very straightforward. 2 questionnaires (different classes probably did these in different orders) and data entered online

Provide brief overview of each trait in he introduction

In regards to the link between agreeableness and music, there is next to nothing in research, therefore, formulate your own hypothesis, and make sure it is defended in some way or another.

There were 240 items on the version of the NEO0PI-R that we used.

All 3 campuses included in the study.

In reference to the neo- pi-r - Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham (2007) cited Costa and McCrae (1992) as finding that the scale has high validity and reliability

How scores were calculated for the NEO-PI-R – brief description – goes in the methods section.

Design section not required

if there is less than 5% shared variance between two variables, this shared variance can't explain the result, and therefore the result is not a key contributor, and other factors must be taken into consideration.

"there was a *strong* positive correlation between X and Y (rs = .69, n = 123, p < .001)" with the appropriate word chosen according to the following: * .00-.19 “very weak” * .20-.39 “weak” * .40-.59 “moderate” * .60-.79 “strong” .80-1.0 “very strong”

since normality was violated, we have to do a Spearman's correlation as it does not assume normality (and other assumptions). SPSS will automatically convert your data to ordinal so no need to worry about the fact that our original data was not ordinal.

Could use either Pearsons or Spearmans - you are correct that Pearsons would usually be the preferred option. However, if normality is violated you are also correct that we are recommended to use non-parametric equivalents. BUT, in this case we have a large N, so we could assume that this protects us from some of the problems created by assumption violations. Which option is right, is actually tricky to answer (and statisticians will happily argue with each other about it... believe me, I know), but for our purposes it's probably not worth worrying about too much. As long as you justify which way you did the test, it doesn't matter to me which you chose.

Correlations are not all-or-nothing. You can have a significant, weak, correlation

In SPSS data, 1 = femal and 2 = male.

Music is ubiquitous in our social lives.

Music is everywhere in our lives.

to what extent is personality reflected in a persons choice of music or in the purposes for which they use music.

Music helps shape and define the social and physical environment. It captures and creates the social moos and adds to the other environmental stimuli (Rentfrow and Gosling, 2003)

Music can be used as a form of coping, to stimulate certain emotions/reactons; to create an image to others for group inclusion/exclusion (Rentfrow and Gosling, 2003)

Chamorro – Premuzic and Furnham (2007), identified three uses of music:

Factor 1: Emotional Use
Measures the extent to which an individual will use music for emotional regulation. Eg inducing positive or negative moods.

Factor 2: Cognitive Use measures the extent that an individual listens to music in an intellectual sense by analyzing the structure of the composition as played by different instruments or focusing on the performers. Eg judging quality of performance.

Factor 3: Social/Background

measures the extent that an individual listents to music while driving, working, exercising, socialising or performing other tasks.

Domains of the NEO PI-R

Neuroticism:

People high in neuroticism are emotionally active. Reactions to events that do not effect a lot of people are intense. Ability to thnk clearly, make sound decision and copy effectively with stress are diminished.

People low on neuroticism are less emotionally reactively. They are calm, relaxed and rarely experience negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not mean a lot of positive feelings.

Extraversion:

Extraverts enjoy being with people, are full of energy and often experience positive emotions. They seek excitement, and draw in attention.

Introverts are low key, they’re quiet and disengaged from the social world. Needs less stimulation compared to an extravert and are disengaged from the social world.

Opennness to Experience:

Distinguishes imaginative, creative people from down-to-earth conventional people. High scores indicate intellectual curiosity, appreciativeness for art, sensittivyt to beauty, awareness of feelings and tendency to think and act in individualistic and non-conforing wats.

People with low scores tend to have narrow, common interest. Prefer plain, straightforward and obvious oover the complex, ambiguous and subtle. Art and science have no practical use according to them /. Conservative and resistant to change.

Agreeableness:

Agreeale individuals value getting along with others they are therefore considerate, friendly, generous, helpful and willing to compromise their interests with others’ interests. Have an optimistic view of human nature and believe people are basically honest, decent and trustworthy.

People who score low on agreeableness place self-interest above getting along with others. Generally unconcenrned with others’ well-being and therefore are unlikely to extend themselves for other peoples. Sometimes their skepticism about others’ motives causes them to be suspicious, unfriendly and uncooperative.

Conscientiousness:

Concerns the way we control, regulate and direct our impulses.

Conscientious individuals avoid trouble andachieve high levels of success through purposeful planning and persistence. They are positively regarded by others as intelligent and reliable. On the negative side, they can be compulsive perfectionists and workaholics. Extremely conscientious individuals ight be regarded as stuff and boring. People who lack conscientiousness may be criticized for their unreliability, lack of ambition and failure to stay within the lines, but they will experience many short-lived pleasure and they will never be called stufy.