Personality and Development Theories: Key Concepts
CHCCSL504A Apply personality and development theories
1.
Freud
Key Concepts
The mind is made up of three parts:
The Id - works on the pleasure principle
The ego - works on the reality principle
The super-ego – works on the morality principle
Stages of Development
Oral stage (0-18 months) sucking especially breasts/biting
Anal stage (18 months – 3 years) anal pleasure from holding in and letting go
Phallic stage (3-4 years) genitalia rubbing/touching
Latent stage (5-7 years) sexual impulse is suppressed to enable learning
Genital stage ( puberty +) sexual intercourse
Piaget
Key concepts
Schemas – Action Patterns
Assimilation – interpreting environment with schemas
Accomodation – changing schemas
Stages of development
Sensory motor stage (Birth- 2 years)
During this stage sense, reflexes and motor abilities develop rapidly (1973, p.36).
Pre-operational stage (2-7 years)
The child in the pre-operational stage is not yet able to think logically (1973, p.36).
Concrete operations (7-11 years)
The child is able to perform mental operations (1973, pg.36).
Formal operations (11-16 years)
The child can think about the future, the abstract, the hypothetical (1973, pg.36).
Erikson
Key Concepts
Importance of social influences on development, identity, identity crisis.
Body identity- image of physical self
Ego ideal – image of people you admire and would like to be like
Ego identity – what you think of your self and roles you play
Developmental stages
Oral-sensory (0-2years)
Children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency of their caregivers.
Muscular-anal (2-4 years)
Children begin to gain their independence
Locomotor-genital (4-5 years)
Children begin to plan activities, make up games and initiate activities with others
Latency (5-12 years)
Children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments
Adolescence (13-19 years)
Children begin to look after
1.
Freud
Key Concepts
The mind is made up of three parts:
The Id - works on the pleasure principle
The ego - works on the reality principle
The super-ego – works on the morality principle
Stages of Development
Oral stage (0-18 months) sucking especially breasts/biting
Anal stage (18 months – 3 years) anal pleasure from holding in and letting go
Phallic stage (3-4 years) genitalia rubbing/touching
Latent stage (5-7 years) sexual impulse is suppressed to enable learning
Genital stage ( puberty +) sexual intercourse
Piaget
Key concepts
Schemas – Action Patterns
Assimilation – interpreting environment with schemas
Accomodation – changing schemas
Stages of development
Sensory motor stage (Birth- 2 years)
During this stage sense, reflexes and motor abilities develop rapidly (1973, p.36).
Pre-operational stage (2-7 years)
The child in the pre-operational stage is not yet able to think logically (1973, p.36).
Concrete operations (7-11 years)
The child is able to perform mental operations (1973, pg.36).
Formal operations (11-16 years)
The child can think about the future, the abstract, the hypothetical (1973, pg.36).
Erikson
Key Concepts
Importance of social influences on development, identity, identity crisis.
Body identity- image of physical self
Ego ideal – image of people you admire and would like to be like
Ego identity – what you think of your self and roles you play
Developmental stages
Oral-sensory (0-2years)
Children begin to learn the ability to trust others based upon the consistency of their caregivers.
Muscular-anal (2-4 years)
Children begin to gain their independence
Locomotor-genital (4-5 years)
Children begin to plan activities, make up games and initiate activities with others
Latency (5-12 years)
Children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments
Adolescence (13-19 years)
Children begin to look after
References: Piaget,J. (1973). Main trends in Psychology. London. George Allen & Unwin.