Personality Psychology and Pm Page
PSY_C14.qxd 1/2/05 3:42 pm Page 292
Personality
14
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES – FREUD AND BEYOND
Freud’s models of the mind
In the wake of Freud
HUMANISTIC THEORIES – INDIVIDUALITY
The drive to fulfil potential
Understanding our own psychological world
TRAIT THEORIES – ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY
Cattell’s 16 trait dimensions
Eysenck’s supertraits
Five factors of personality
Trait debates
BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC THEORIES – THE WAY WE ARE MADE
Inhibition and arousal
Genetics vs. environment
SOCIAL–COGNITIVE THEORIES – INTERPRETING THE WORLD
Encodings – or how we perceive events
Expectancies and the importance of self-efficacy
Affects – how we feel
Goals, values and the effects of reward
Competencies and self-regulatory plans
FINAL THOUGHTS
SUMMARY
REVISION QUESTIONS
FURTHER READING
PSY_C14.qxd 1/2/05 3:42 pm Page 293
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter you should appreciate that: n personality theorists are concerned with identifying generalizations that can be made about consistent individual differences between people’s behaviour and the causes and consequences of these differences;
n
Sigmund Freud developed a psychoanalytic approach that emphasized the role of the unconscious in regulating behaviour; n
Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck proposed traits as descriptors that we use to describe personality and that have their origins in everyday language;
n
biological theories of personality attempt to explain differences in behaviour in terms of differences in physiology, particularly brain function;
n
research in behavioural genetics has permitted the examination of both genetic and environmental factors in personality; n
social–cognitive theories of personality examine consistent differences in the ways people process social information, allowing us to make predictions about an individual’s behaviour in particular
Personality
14
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES – FREUD AND BEYOND
Freud’s models of the mind
In the wake of Freud
HUMANISTIC THEORIES – INDIVIDUALITY
The drive to fulfil potential
Understanding our own psychological world
TRAIT THEORIES – ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY
Cattell’s 16 trait dimensions
Eysenck’s supertraits
Five factors of personality
Trait debates
BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC THEORIES – THE WAY WE ARE MADE
Inhibition and arousal
Genetics vs. environment
SOCIAL–COGNITIVE THEORIES – INTERPRETING THE WORLD
Encodings – or how we perceive events
Expectancies and the importance of self-efficacy
Affects – how we feel
Goals, values and the effects of reward
Competencies and self-regulatory plans
FINAL THOUGHTS
SUMMARY
REVISION QUESTIONS
FURTHER READING
PSY_C14.qxd 1/2/05 3:42 pm Page 293
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter you should appreciate that: n personality theorists are concerned with identifying generalizations that can be made about consistent individual differences between people’s behaviour and the causes and consequences of these differences;
n
Sigmund Freud developed a psychoanalytic approach that emphasized the role of the unconscious in regulating behaviour; n
Raymond Cattell and Hans Eysenck proposed traits as descriptors that we use to describe personality and that have their origins in everyday language;
n
biological theories of personality attempt to explain differences in behaviour in terms of differences in physiology, particularly brain function;
n
research in behavioural genetics has permitted the examination of both genetic and environmental factors in personality; n
social–cognitive theories of personality examine consistent differences in the ways people process social information, allowing us to make predictions about an individual’s behaviour in particular