Pharmaceautical Lotions
PHARMACEUTICAL LOTIONS
INTRODUCTION
Lotions are usually liquid suspensions or dispersions. They consist of finely powdered, insoluble solids held in more or less permanent suspension by the presence of suspending agents and/or surfactants. Calamine Lotion (USP) is the classic example of this type of preparation. It can be prepared by triturating the ingredients into a smooth paste and then adding the remaining liquid phase. This procedure can be done manually by using pestle and mortar. However, high shear mixer or homogenizer can often produce a better dispersion.
EXAMPLES OF LOTIONS
Calamine Lotion
Composition: calamine 8 g, zinc oxide 8 g, glycerin 2 mL, Avicel R Gel 2 g, carboxymethylcellulose
(CMC) 2 g and calcium hydroxide solution about 50 mL.
Procedure
(1) Disperse Avicel R into 55 g of water to form a gel,
(2) Mix the calamine, zinc oxide with the glycerin, the gel and the CMC,
(3) Add sufficient amount of calcium hydroxide solution to make the final volume of 100 mL
Calamine (Topical)
Category:
Skin protectant—{01}{09}{12}
antipruritic (topical){02}{04}{08}—
Indications
Accepted
Skin irritations, minor (treatment)—Calamine is indicated for the topical relief of itching, pain, and discomfort {02} {04} {08} of minor skin irritations, {09} {13} such as those caused by poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac {08}.
—Calamine also has a mild astringent action on the skin {02} {04} {08} {11} and dries oozing and weeping caused by poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac {01} {09}.
Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics
Physicochemical characteristics:
Calamine consists of a mixture of zinc oxide (not less than 98% and not more than 100.5%) and a small proportion of ferric oxide {10}.
Mechanism of action/Effect:
Unknown {06}.
Absorption:
Calamine applied topically is not absorbed through the skin {06}.
Precautions to Consider
Pregnancy/Reproduction
Problems in humans have not been documented
INTRODUCTION
Lotions are usually liquid suspensions or dispersions. They consist of finely powdered, insoluble solids held in more or less permanent suspension by the presence of suspending agents and/or surfactants. Calamine Lotion (USP) is the classic example of this type of preparation. It can be prepared by triturating the ingredients into a smooth paste and then adding the remaining liquid phase. This procedure can be done manually by using pestle and mortar. However, high shear mixer or homogenizer can often produce a better dispersion.
EXAMPLES OF LOTIONS
Calamine Lotion
Composition: calamine 8 g, zinc oxide 8 g, glycerin 2 mL, Avicel R Gel 2 g, carboxymethylcellulose
(CMC) 2 g and calcium hydroxide solution about 50 mL.
Procedure
(1) Disperse Avicel R into 55 g of water to form a gel,
(2) Mix the calamine, zinc oxide with the glycerin, the gel and the CMC,
(3) Add sufficient amount of calcium hydroxide solution to make the final volume of 100 mL
Calamine (Topical)
Category:
Skin protectant—{01}{09}{12}
antipruritic (topical){02}{04}{08}—
Indications
Accepted
Skin irritations, minor (treatment)—Calamine is indicated for the topical relief of itching, pain, and discomfort {02} {04} {08} of minor skin irritations, {09} {13} such as those caused by poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac {08}.
—Calamine also has a mild astringent action on the skin {02} {04} {08} {11} and dries oozing and weeping caused by poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac {01} {09}.
Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics
Physicochemical characteristics:
Calamine consists of a mixture of zinc oxide (not less than 98% and not more than 100.5%) and a small proportion of ferric oxide {10}.
Mechanism of action/Effect:
Unknown {06}.
Absorption:
Calamine applied topically is not absorbed through the skin {06}.
Precautions to Consider
Pregnancy/Reproduction
Problems in humans have not been documented