Pharmachology Assignment
AZITHROMYCINE
Generic name: Azithromycin
Trade (Brand) names: Zithromax • Canadian trade name: Apo-Azithromycin
Available forms: • Injection: 500 mg • Powder for oral suspension: 100mg/5 ml, 200mg/5ml; 1,000 mg/Packet • Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg
Drug classification: • Pharmacoterapeutic: Macrolide • Clinical: Antibiotic
Action:
Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. Azithromycin binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, and thus inhibits translation of mRNA. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.
Pharmacokinetics:
Unlike erythromycin, azithromycin is acid-stable and can therefore be taken orally with no need of protection from gastric acids. It is readily absorbed; its absorption is greater on an empty stomach. Time to peak concentration in adults is 2.1 to 3.2 hours for oral dosage forms and 1 to 2 hours for intravenous (IV) forms. Due to the high concentration in phagocytes, azithromycin is actively transported to the site of infection. During active phagocytosis, large concentrations of azithromycin are released. The concentration of azithromycin in the tissues can be over 50 times higher than in plasma. This is due to ion trapping and the high lipid solubility.
Azithromycin 's half-life allows a large single dose to be administered and yet maintain bacteriostatic levels in the infected tissue for several days. The new "Zmax" formulation of azithromycin is an enteric-coated suspension that releases the drug in a single 2g dose once it has cleared the stomach, reducing the GI side-effects of high-dose Azithromycin.
Half-Life: 6-8hr
Onset of action: Variable
Peak: 2.1 to 3.2 hr for oral dosages and 1to 2 hr for IV
Duration: Up to 24 hr METABOLISM: Following a single 500 mg dose, plasma concentrations of azithromycin declined in a polyphasic pattern with a mean apparent plasma clearance of 630 mL/min and a terminal elimination
Generic name: Azithromycin
Trade (Brand) names: Zithromax • Canadian trade name: Apo-Azithromycin
Available forms: • Injection: 500 mg • Powder for oral suspension: 100mg/5 ml, 200mg/5ml; 1,000 mg/Packet • Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg
Drug classification: • Pharmacoterapeutic: Macrolide • Clinical: Antibiotic
Action:
Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. Azithromycin binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, and thus inhibits translation of mRNA. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.
Pharmacokinetics:
Unlike erythromycin, azithromycin is acid-stable and can therefore be taken orally with no need of protection from gastric acids. It is readily absorbed; its absorption is greater on an empty stomach. Time to peak concentration in adults is 2.1 to 3.2 hours for oral dosage forms and 1 to 2 hours for intravenous (IV) forms. Due to the high concentration in phagocytes, azithromycin is actively transported to the site of infection. During active phagocytosis, large concentrations of azithromycin are released. The concentration of azithromycin in the tissues can be over 50 times higher than in plasma. This is due to ion trapping and the high lipid solubility.
Azithromycin 's half-life allows a large single dose to be administered and yet maintain bacteriostatic levels in the infected tissue for several days. The new "Zmax" formulation of azithromycin is an enteric-coated suspension that releases the drug in a single 2g dose once it has cleared the stomach, reducing the GI side-effects of high-dose Azithromycin.
Half-Life: 6-8hr
Onset of action: Variable
Peak: 2.1 to 3.2 hr for oral dosages and 1to 2 hr for IV
Duration: Up to 24 hr METABOLISM: Following a single 500 mg dose, plasma concentrations of azithromycin declined in a polyphasic pattern with a mean apparent plasma clearance of 630 mL/min and a terminal elimination
References: 1) Mosby (Third edition) Pharmacology And The Nursing Process (Lilley/ Aucker) chapter 36 ( Antibiotics ) 2) Medical surgical nursing (Third edition) ,Unit 2 Chapter 8 (Nursing care of clients with infection ), ( Lemone & Burke ) 3) Pharmacology for nurses ,unit 5, 2005.Adams.Josephson.Holland 4) Aspects of Nursing Care 7Th edition, 5) Introduction to clinical pharmacology, Edmunds. 6) Drug Therapy in nursing (Diane S. Aschenbrenner and Samanta J.venable 7) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin 8) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697037.html 9) http://www.rxlist.com/zithromax-drug.htm