5. Give the name of a drug in current usage that originated from the natural sources listed below.…
It was developed in Germany in 1937, mainly because Germany required a reliable internal source of opioids, it is acyclic analog of morphine and heroin, and methadone acts on the same opioid receptors as these drugs, and has many of the same effects.…
Intro- Opium- from the Greek word opos, meaning juice or sap, was originally chewed, eaten, or blended into various liquids and swallowed. (Inaba 4-7) It was cultivated in The Mediterranean, and Southwest Asia. Dating all the way back to the 206 B.C., Opium was a major product traded on the Silk Road. This classification of drugs is used primarily to treat pain, diarrhea, and cough. They are known to bring on a sense of euphoria, lower one’s sense of emotional stress or fatigue, and in some instances, suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms. Methods of use are oral injection, smoking, injection, and snorting. Short term effects of use of these drugs can be drowsiness,…
Morphine is one of many different chemicals present in raw opium (codiene, morphine, papaverine, and others are all naturally occuring in opium.) Morphine is refined by cooking raw opium with chemicals like lye, and ammonia. Pure morphine is the world standard of painkillers, and generally the number one choice of doctors for treating severe pain.…
Dr. Harold Shipman admitted, as a college student, he took a very keen interest in drugs while at the Leeds University medical school (England, 2015). Dr. Shipman equally shared an intense interest in his mother’s morphine treatment as she battled lung cancer when he was still a teenager (Harold Shipman, 2014). He strongly believed this drug was instrumental in alleviating her pain up until she passed away (Harold Shipman, 2014). Soon after Dr. Shipman completed medical school and was working as a general practitioner, he became addicted to Pethidine. After his troubles with drug addition, he once again worked as a family doctor (Harold Shipman, 2014). Morphine became Dr. Shipman’s murder weapon of choice. Pathologists stated at the murder trial this was the cause of death for the majority of Dr. Shipman’s victims (Harold Shipman, 2014). It was also proven that he had illegally stockpiled morphine by forging prescriptions, over-prescribing, and collecting unused morphine for his deceased patients (Harold Shipman, 2014).…
that it was hemlock that sealed the fate of the two start crossed love, other…
In this paper I will discuss the details the classification of narcotic drugs in criminal law, forensic evidence needed to obtain a conviction in a drug case.…
A new wonder drug was developed in 1810, this new wonder drug, morphine, (also an opium derivative), was eliminating severe pain associated with medical operations or traumatic injuries. It left the user in a completely numb euphoric dream state, and was named after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus, by F.W.A. Serturner, a German pharmacist. By the mid 1850’s morphine was available in the U.S., and was pretty popular with the medical profession. The benefits of using the drug to treat severe pain were considered almost miraculous by the doctors of the time.…
Since times immemorial drugs has been employed for treatment of patients and for ritualistic ceremonies. The Greek writer Homer had written about opium in his great epic ‘The Illiad ‘in 8th century B.C .Hippocrates spoke about the medicinal of opium more than 25 centuries ago. The use of cannabis sativa, the “Indian Hemp”,is mentioned in Atharva Veda and its derivatives-bhang, ganja and charas are traditionally used by some followers of Lord Shiva and have become part of Indian heritage and culture. Opium which was brought to India by Arab traders in 17th century, established its roots in Indian Society very firmly and it was considered panacea for all the diseases. Opium was given to wounded soldiers…
Heroin comes from opium. Opium is a milky white liquid that is extracted from immature poppy plants. Two opiates, codeine and morphine, are found in this milky white liquid and are used for…
The active ingredients in drugs and medicines can be isolated from a plants and animals or synthesized artificially.…
Over many years the abuse of Heroin has been known, but now the epidemic is out of control and many are dying daily. Heroin is a substance that is synthesized from morphine, and extracted from the poppy seed plant. The opium poppy has been refined for more than five thousand years for a variety of medicinal uses. When heroin was first created it was used as a cough syrup and pain killer. At first people believe it would help with morphine and opium addiction but then doctors realized people were becoming addicted to heroin. Heroin was first synthesized in 1874, and then marketed by the Beyer Company in Germany in 1898 until 1910. Beyer exported Heroin to more that 23 countries in 1899. In 1914 the Harrison Act was passed, and it was the aggressively enforced that all Physicians, who were prescribing drugs to addicts would be punished. Between 1915 and 1938 over five thousand physicians were found guilt for violating the Harrison Act. The modern drug war started in the 1960s and continues today with no success in combating the epidemic on drugs.…
Wilm Mistral illustrates the opium wars in this book titled The Emerging Perspectives on Substance Misuse. He explain that in the 1800’s the British began supplying the Chinese with opiates since it it was considered an economic benefit to the UK which then contributed to the Chinese relying heavily on opiates as a way of relieving pain since the active ingredient in it was morphine. At the same time, manufacturing of morphine and heroin began which in 1868 brought the British Pharmacy Act. The pharmacy act was designed to prevent overdose over widespread opiates and held medical professionals responsible for prescribing them. Once opium addicted Chinese immigrants migrated to the U.S. to build the transcontinental railroad on the west coast the American government started demonizing the use of opium by creating literature “portraying opium use as squalid and violent, and purified morphine and heroin became widely available for injection” (Mistral). Opiates were then considered officially illegal in 1914 with the Harrison Narcotics Act (Mistral). The chinese demonization of a once widely spread drug is a prime example the discriminatory politics of drug use in the United States. Through the War on Drugs and the history associated with the…
In Jasper’s case opium represents the exact opposite, it is the agent of his madness, it doesn’t stop it but it enhances it. He uses opium as a means to summon into his mind the act of murder. Even before he actually kills Edwin he imagines doing it while under the influence of opium. After the killing is done, Jasper visits opium den and there he relives it again. For Jasper opium is not a means to oblivion, but the vehicle to remembrance, it triggers his memory and enhances his senses. It brings out the monster and removes the mask of normality from Jasper’s face. In the twenty-third chapter, before Princess Puffer engages Jasper in a conversation from which we learn about the effects that opium has on him, she hands him a pipe filled with the drug:…
For millennia, chronic and acute severe pain treatment has been effective with opioids and in most places, they are a standard care. Conversely, continued opioid uses have brought about concerns on its safety, abuse liability and effectiveness which drive warning perceptions leading to a higher degree of the willingness to approve this treatment means. In the United States, the past decades have witnessed the shift of attitudes in response to epidemiological and clinical observations manifested in the regulatory and legal spheres.1,2The legitimate medical opioids use for analgesia purposes and abuse or addiction interface challenges the clinical profession hence uncertainty on the appropriate opioid role in pain treatment. The National Institute…