Pharmacognosy

PHARMACOGNOSY REVIEWER
In pharmacognosy, drugs may be classified based on morphology, chemical constituents and therapeutic applications (NOT price in the market)
Factors that influence secondary constituent: heredity, ontogeny, environment
Chromatography: process based on distribution of mixture between 2 phases
General Information
Discoverers/Scientists
Joseph Caventou & Pelletier
Quinine  antimalarial
Pierre Robiquet
Codeine/Narcotine
Philip Geiger & Rudolf Brandes
Hyoscyamine and Atropine
Dioscorides
“De Materia Medica”
Galen
“galenical” pharmacy, described the method of preparation of formulas containing plant and animal drugs
Seydler
COINED the word “pharmacognosy”
Schmidt
USED the word “pharmacognosy”
Fluckiger
Stated scope of pharmacognosy – “application of various scientific disciplines with the object of requiring knowledge of drugs from every point of view”
Serturner
Isolated morphine
Aristotle
Attempted to separate superstitious belief from the fact in his writing on the animal kingdom
Egyptian
Ebers Papyrus
Scheele
Isolated citric acid
Paracelsus
Referred opium as “Stone of Imortality”
A. Hoffman
Discovered lysergic acid diethylamide: most active and most specific hallucinogen

Review of Botany
Pharmacobiotechnology: application of biotechnology to pharmaceuticals
Taxonomic classification: classification that considers the natural relationship or phylogeny existing among plants and animals
Phylogeny- natural relationship existing among plants and animals
Taxonomic/Zoologic/Botanic Classification –Classification of drugs considers the natural relationship or phylogeny among plants and animals
Indigenous - plant growing native to their country
Naturalized - grow in foreign land or locality other than their native homes
Crude drugs - vegetable or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying
Pharmaceutically active - may cause precipitation or