Phil Lit

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
I.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (--BC to 1564)
A. Characteristics1.Based on oral traditions2.Crude on ideology and phraseologyB. Literary Forms1. Oral Literaturea. Riddles
(bugtong)
– battle of wits among participants
Tigmo –
CebuPaktakon – IlonggoPatotdon - Bicolb.Proverbs
(salawikain)
– wise sayings that contain a metaphor used to teach asa food for thoughtc.
Tanaga
- a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessonson life is "more emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus hasaffinities with the folk lyric."2. Folk SongsIt is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the people'slifestyles as well as their loves. These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic andnaivea. Hele or oyayi – lullabyb.Ambahan (Mangyan) – 7-syllable per line poem that are about humanrelationships and social entertainmentc.Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that depict the livelihood of the peopled.Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) – drinking songe.Kanogan (Cebuano) – song of lamentation for the dead3. Folk Talesa. Myths – explain how the world was created, how certain animalspossess certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes,mountains, flora or faunab. Legends – explain the origin of things
Why the Pineapple Has EyesThe Legend of Maria Makiling
c. Fables – used animal characters and allegoryd.Fantastic stories – deal with underworld characters such as “tiyanak”,“aswang”, “kapre” and others4. Epics These are “narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving aroundsupernatural events or heroic deeds” (Arsenio Manuel)Examples: Lam-ang (Ilocano)Hinilawod (Panay)Kudaman (Palawan)Darangen (Maranao)
II. SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD (1565 – 1863)

A. Characteristics1.It has two distinct classifications: religious and secular2.It introduced Spanish as the medium of communicationB.Literary Forms1. Religious Literature - Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed inboth Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used toteach Filipinos the Spanish language.a.Pasyon – long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ. The mostpopular was “Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Cristong Panignoon Natin” byAguino de Belenb.Senakulo – dramatization of the pasyon, it shows the passion and death of Christ2. Secular (non-religious) Literaturea.Awit - colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chantingExample: Ibong Adarnab.Korido – metrical tale written in octosyllabic quatrainsExample: Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazarc. Prose Narratives – written to prescribe proper decorumi. Dialogoiii. ejemploii.Manual de Urbanidadiv. tratadoExamples: Modesto de Castro's "
Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na siUrbana at si Feliza
" and Joaquin Tuason's " Ang Bagong Robinson
" (The NewRobinson) in 1879
III. NATIONALISTIC / PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD(1864 – 1896)
A. Characteristics1.Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos2.Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog3.Addressed the masses instead of the “intelligentsia”
B.
Literary Forms1. Propaganda Literature - Reformatory in objectivea. Political Essays – satires, editorials and news articles were written to attackand expose the evils of Spanish rulei.Diariong Tagalog – founded by Marcelo del Pilarii.La Solidaridad – whose editor-in-chief is Graciano Lopez-Jaenab. Political Novelsi. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo – Jose Rizal’s masterpiecesthat paved the way to the revolution
2.
Revolutionary Literature – more propagandistic than literary as it is moreviolent in nature and demanded complete independence for the country
a.
Political Essays – helped inflame the spirit of revolutioni. Kalayaan – newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacintob. Poetryi. True Decalogue – Apolinario Mabiniii.Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas – Andres Bonifacioiii.Liwanag at Dilim – Emilio Jacinto
IV. AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1910 – 1945)
A.
Period of Apprenticeship (1910-1930)1.Filipino Writers imitated English and American models2.Poems written were amateurish and mushy, which phrasing and diction isawkward and artificial a.Short Storiesi.Dead Stars – Paz Marquez Benitezii.The Key – Paz Latorenaiii.Footnote to Youth – Jose Garcia Villab.Novelsi. Childe of Sorrow – first novel in English, by Zoilo GalangB. Period of Emergence (1920-1930)1. Highly influenced by Western literary trends like Romanticism and Realism.a. Short Stories – most prevalent literary formi. Jose Garcia Villa – earned the international title “Poet of theCentury”
V. JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942 - 1960)
A.
War Years (1942-1944)1. Tagalog poets broke away from the Balagtas tradition and insteadwrote in simple language and free verse2.Fiction prevailed over poetrya.25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kthang Pilipino (1943) – compilation of theshort story contest by the military governmenti. Suyuan sa Tubigan – Macario Pinedaii.Lupang Tinubuan – Narciso Reyesiii.Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa – Liwayway ArceoB.Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-1960)1.Bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction, drama and essay2.Filipino writers mastered English and familiarized themselves iwhtdiverse techniques3.Literary “giants” appeared
a.
Palanca Awards for Literaturei.Jose Garcia Villaii.Nick Joaquiniii.NVM Gonzalesiv.Bienvenido Santosv.Gregorio Brillantesvi.Gilda CorderoFernandob.National Artist Awards
i.
Jose Garcia Villaii. Nick Joaquin
VI. CONTEMPORARY/MODERN PERIOD (1960 – PRESENT)
A. Characteristics1.Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights, including freedom of thepress
2.
Writers used symbolisms and allegories to drive home their message, at theface of heavy censorship3.Theater was used as a vehicle for protest, such as the PETA (Phil. Educational Theater Association) and UP Theater.4.From the eighties onwards, writers continue to show dynamism and innovation