Philippines and Mayor Vice Mayor

JESUIT LEADERSHIP PRISM
1. We are all leaders, and we are leading all the time, well or poorly
2. Leadership springs from within. It is about who I am as much as what I do.
3. Leadership is not an act. It is my life, a way of living.
4. I never complete the task of becoming a leader. It is an ongoing process.

INFLUENCES OF THE JESUITS
Father Federico Faura SJ Who prophesied that Rizal would end up on a scaffold
(the plain truth)
Father Pablo Pastells SJ
Who sought to restore Rizal’s Catholic Faith with patient argument
(the path of reason)
Father Vicente Balaguer SJ
Who reconciled Rizal with the Church before his execution
(the light of truth)
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez SJ
Who was Rizal’s friend
(the love of friends)

THE RIZAL LAW
All educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State and all schools are joined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach the duties of citizenship.
June 12, 1956
The bill was signed into law by President Ramon Magsaysay and became Republic Act No. 1425.

COPING WITH THE CURRENT SITUATION
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
Many species are threatened with extinction owing the loss and destruction of habitat. Provides government policies and action programs conceptualized from in0depth studies and initiated and monitored with DENR as lead agency.
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)
Coast and geodetic survey
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)
Republic Act 7586, Act of 1992 designated areas specified by law, presidential decree, proclamation or executive order as national park, game refuge, bird and wildlife sanctuary, wilderness area, strict nature reserve, watershed, mangrove reserve...as initial components of the System.
Wildlife Act 2001
The enactment of Republic Act 9147 or the Wildlife Act 2001 tremendously decreased the illegal collection and trade of wildlife resources.

EARLY FILIPINO CIVILIZATION
Antonio Pigafetta
Magellan’s Italian expeditionary ethnographer, went ashore in 1521 to parley with the ruler of Limasawa, they sat together in a boat drawn up on shore which Pigafetta called a balangai
Barangay/ Balangai
Word for boat also being used for the smallest unit of Tagalog society
Barrio
Colonial term, a political unit loyal to a local boss
Heroic Leadership
This perks up their readiness to serve the people’s needs, whether prioritize as regular or urgent.

THE SPANISH EXPERIENCE
Ferdinand Magellan
A Portuguese born leader of five Spanish ships, stumbled onto islands in 1521 in his search for the lucrative spices of the Indies
Enrique
Slave of Magellan who returned to Spain to complete the first circumnavigation of the globe
Reduccion
Barangays were coaxed or coerced into towns (cabeceras) organized around a newly built church with a resident friar
Visitas
Small outlaying settlements equipped with a chapel to receive a visiting friar Reduccion

Cabeceras
District capitals
Poblaciones
Towns
Barrios/Barangays
Villages
Sitios
Hamlets
Bajo de la campana
Under the church bells
Reduccion
To bring all indios into Christian communities bajo de la campana and to accurately count the population in order to collect the tribute, the combined goals of church and state carried under friar supervision.
Muros
Wall
Intramuros
(Inside the wall)
Were hordes of Spaniards, leading indios, and important institutions of church and state.
Outside the walls
Lived non-Christians, dispossessed datus at odds with the new order, and Chinese as well as foreign communities.
Encomiendas
Granted by King Philip II wich is the administrative right to collect tribute and draft labor from among the inhabitants of a defined geographical area, along with the responsibility to protect them and provide religious instruction.
Polo y servicios
Mobilized by the cabeza de barangay. The compulsory 40-day labor per year rendered by tribute payers to the state

Servicio
Was performed by men and women and consisted largely of domestic service in churches and convents
Polo
Was hard labor performed by men: constructing government buildings and churches, rowing and fighting in military expeditions, cutting and hauling trees and building galleons and warships.

PHILIPPINES IN RIZAL’S TIME
Governor General
Headed the central administration in Manila. He was appointed by the Spansih monarch and was the king’s representative in all matters, including religious concerns. As ex-officio President of the Royal Audiencia until 1896, he enjoyed judicial powers. He also exercised legislative powers with his cumplase.
Cumplase
By which he could disregard or suspend any law and disciplinary power over all government officials, was commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Philippines and had supreme authority on matters of finance until 1784...

Alcaldes Mayores
(Civil governors)
Civil provinces*
The provinces were classified according to dialects spoken, population, income, and number of towns
Military Administrators
Unpacified regions continued
Cabildo / Ayuntamiento
Special government of the cities
2 alcaldes en ordinario
(mayor and vice mayor)
Administrators of each city
Regidores
Councillors
Alguacil mayor
Chief of police
Gobernadorcillo
(capitan)
Was the chief executive and chief judge of the town
Tineniente mayor
Vice mayor
Juez de ganados

Judges/inspectors
Juez de sementeras

Juez de policia

Alguaciles
Constables
Directorcillo
Town secretary
Cabeza de barangay
Each barangay was controlled either by a Filipino or Chinese mestizo. His main responsibility was to maintain peace and order and to collect tributes and taxes in his barrios.
Royal Audiencia
The highest judicial body and the highest court of appeal for civil criminal cases, was a high council to which important government affairs were reffered, and auditor of the finances of the government.

SOURCES OF ABUSES IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE GOVERNMENT
1. The appointment of officials without the necessary qualifications, zeal, dedication to duty, and moral strength to resist temptations for material advancement.
2. Union of Church and State.
3. Perpetuation of anomalies and abuses in the government service
4. Collection of a certain percentage from the total amount of the tributes of the province.
5. Permission to engage in trade, known as indulto de comercio. With this, the provincial governors monopolized provincial trade and controlled prices and business transactions.
6. Nobody dared to complain in court because the alcalde was also the provincial judge.
7. The judicial set-up was not properly implemented, because many judges were incompetent and settled cases not according to merit but on race, money and personal factors.