When building many of the castles in the 1300-1400’s the main purpose was to keep the enemies out and of course for conquest. In the video I watched, the Forbidden Knowledge video, they called out some very key point of why and how these fortresses and castles where erected and defended. Not only where there kings of the lands, but then each of those lands were divided up to noble kin and lords. They were always trying to better there futures with more land, even if that included killing your own cousin to get his piece of land. One great example of an intuitive fortress, Caesar had made a donut shaped fortress at one point around a small town; he shut out and was starving the people in the town and then also keeping out the men that were…
The existence of a soul has dogged mankind for as long as we have existed. Each individual has felt a stirring within at times of joy, sorrow, or a moment of apprehension. This stirring is unique to each as an individual experience as well as the larger shared human experience. Is this experience linked the mind, somehow? Are the mind and the soul two separate entities within, or are they the same, and does it exist beyond mortal death?…
According to Philosophy Here and Now, the mind-body issue is the issue of what mental phenomena truly are and how they identify with the physical world. It doubts the connections between the physical body and the nonphysical mind. One theory called functionalism recommends that the mind is the capacities that the brain performs and depicts the basic substance of mental states. This hypothesis overlooks what stuff makes up the brain and rather, concentrates on what data goes into the mind and comes out of it. John Searle, a pronounced philosopher, addresses the thought of the brain resembling a PC. He contends that the mind is able to think and comprehend data unlike that of a computer. Also, he states that computers handle images by their physical…
For instance, the idea of supervenience can give us an account in terms of relations or dependence, and could be of use as another argument to support a physicalist view. Davidson (1970/202) maintains that: “…mental characteristics are in some sense dependent, or supervenient, on physical characteristics” (p. 119). He makes the significant remark that “Dependence or supervenience of this kind does not entail reducibility” (Davidson, 1970/2002, p.119). However, reduction seems to be is one of the keys points that define physicalism, for example, Papineau (1993) maintains that “physicalism requires reductionism” (p. 2). Nonetheless, so, if the main criterion for physicality is reducibility, how can it be that the mental, although physical, cannot be reduced to physics? If a mental event is identical with a brain event, then reduction could be a valid methodological approach: for instance Place (1956) or Smart (1959) argue that consciousness are process of the brain. However, Putnam (1967), Davidson (1970) and Fodor (1974) present strong arguments against such view. The next section will further discuss the problems of reductionism that encourage non-reductive…
The PBS video, A Class Divided, has brought to light a sensitive subject that has plagued societies for hundreds, even thousands of years. I have learned a lot about discrimination by watching this video. I was not aware that discrimination is a learned behavior. It seems that anytime there is a situation in which someone is viewed in a critical way, called out on those facts, and an opinion on those facts is expressed, it is a potential for discrimination. It only takes the…
To my understanding from the reading material, ableism is a group of beliefs and practices which certain individuals have disabilities that are either developmental, can be emotional and have physical or psychiatric effects. When it comes to the impacts of ableism, the restrictions it has on people’s lives or living with the disabilities are: These individuals have low self-esteem, are blind or not able to see, they do have difficulty hearing or listening to others, frequently and regularly have problems with walking or climbing, are often depressed or anxious which continuously hampers daily or normal activities and become disabled intellectually over time. Unfortunately, what I am sad to mention is that from the readings, intellectual disability affects roughly accounts for 3 out of every 100 individuals who are diagnosed. On the other hand, people who have ableism are not considered able-body people. They also do not have the privileges as an able-body person. Many people who have ableism have challenges and struggles which they…
First of, what is the ‘Mind/Body problem’?The mind/body problem, in one of its aspects, concerns the relation between the two. Some people have thought that the mind and body are one and the same, the mind being just one aspect of the body and located in or identical to the brain. On the other hand, some consider that they must be separate, either wholly or significantly, with the mind not being equivalent to the brain.…
Many theories have been challenged throughout the history of psychology. Mind vs. Body is one of the most important issues that has formed the basic foundation in this field today. One of the central questions in psychology and philosophy concerns the mind-body problem: Is the mind part of the body, or the body part of the mind? If they are distinct, then how do they interact? And which of the two is in charge? (McLeod, 2007). Philosophers have examined the relationship between the two and have proposed a variety of approaches to support their arguments.…
The mind, or ‘soul’ as it has come to be known to some, is classified as a ‘non-physical entity’ that is separate from the brain by Cartesian Dualists and linked to (but still different from) the brain by Property Dualists. These are perfectly reasonable ways to look at it as such concepts as qualia and privileged access and the fact that mental phenomena lack spatial features support these theories. While Materialists may doggedly reject Dualism, it can be noted that some of their arguments are by no means iron-clad, including their trump card, the ‘interaction problem’. Also, Materialistic arguments fail to address and explain our mental experiences taking…
The human mind is full of wonder, and the inner workings of the human brain and…
It is a claim that the world is physical, and as such, there is no spiritual, mental separation of the human mind and brain (Smart, 2012, p.1). Since there is no difference between the two, the human mind and brain are the same entity (Smart, 2012, p.1). For if “sensation X is identical to brain process Y then if Y is between my ears and is straight or circular … then the sensation X is between my ears and is straight or circular” (Smart, 2014, p.3). It is maintained, that the workings of the mind equals the workings of the brain (Smart, 2012, p.1). Human beings are only human, physical bodies. Therefor human being’s behaviours, judgements and responses are all an action of the brain, which could also be called the mind. Meaning the mind is explainable, according to laws of physics and chemistry (Calef, 2015,…
Hume 's view of what constitutes personal identity rests heavily upon his preceding theories concerning the nature of ideas and causation. The most important preceding ideas to take into account are the rejection of causality and necessary connection and his strict empiric stance on the basis of knowledge and the only two types of perception being ideas that are reliant on initial impressions. There will clearly be difficulty in defining and explaining 'the self ' when both the notions of causality and substance have been rejected, this results in Hume restricting himself in what he feels he can define as personal identity. Hume does not want to distinguish between the nature of personal identity and the nature of the identity we hold in single objects or ideas. Both are based in initial single impressions which the mind then assembles into a 'chimera ' of a more complex idea, constituting it 's identity. This for Hume is irrational, as there is no observable or conceivable necessary connection between past, present and future sense data, resulting in the self being strictly and thriftily described by Hume as 'a bundle of perceptions '.…
The mind and body problem can be divided into many different questions. We can consider or ask by ourselves that what is the mind? What is the body? And do both of them are co-existing, or does the mind only exist in the body? Or does the body only exist in the mind? Otherwise, we also will consider that if both the mind and body exist, and then there could be a number of types of relationships. Maybe the mind will affect our body. Or maybe the body will affect our mind, or maybe the mind and body will both affect each other.…
Many components make up the thought process. There is one component that is the sole incubator of all thoughts, the brain. The brain is the sole incubator of the mind. The mind cradles and protects the thought process. The process used to think is one of complex scrutiny. Researchers, Scientists and Psychologists have studied the brain and how the brain processes thoughts for years. The brain processes thoughts through a channel known as the mind. The mind according to the mirriam-webster dictionary is the element or complex of elements in an individual that feels, perceives, thinks, wills and especially reasons. Another definition of the mind according to the mirriam-webster dictionary is the organized conscious and unconscious adaptive mental activity of an organism. The mind is an interesting and complex instrument that many are still amazed by. There are several components of the mind to be discussed. Components making up the mind’s existence are consciousness, unconsciousness, thoughts, understanding and intellect. Consciousness according to the mirriam-webster dictionary is having the mental faculties not dulled by sleep, faintness or stupor; perceiving, apprehending, or noticing with a degree of controlled thought or observation. Unconsciousness according to the mirriam-webster dictionary is not knowing or perceiving; not aware; free from self-awareness. Thoughts according to the mirriam-webster dictionary is a developed intention or plan as well as the intellectual product or the organized views and principals of a period, place, group or individual. To understand according to the mirriam-webster dictionary is the mental grasp; the power to make experience intelligible by applying concepts and categories. Intellect according to the mirriam-webster dictionary is the power of knowing as distinguished from the power to feel and will; the capacity for knowledge. All of these components make up the mind as well as contributes to the…
Philosophers have been debating for centuries the relationship between the mind and the body and whether they are separate entities, or if they are one. This is known as the mind/body problem. If the mind being our consciousness and the body being our brain is separate parts, do they relate to each other or work together? If they are one, do they depend on each other? The idea that the mind and body are one is called monism. The idea that the mind and body are separate is called dualism (Newall, 2005).…