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Phonemes

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Phonemes
UNIVERSIDAD ARTURO MICHELENA
FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES
ESCUELA DE IDIOMAS MODERNOS
ASIGNATURA: ORAL II
CÓDIGO: HLI 203

PROFESSOR: EYINELL OTERO DUARTE
2nd SEMESTER… SECCIÓN _2_ / _3_

GUIDE # 1…
(August September)

PHONETICS
It is the study of speech sounds. By the description of all sounds human apparatus can produce.

PHONOLOGY
It is the study of how speech sounds function in a language.

ORGANS OF SPEECH
The most important organs used to produce sounds are: nose, lips, jaw and jaw muscles (for vowels) and teeth, palate, alveolar ridge, velum and glottis (for consonants)…

- Lungs (Activator of Movements) - Larynx (Producer of Vibrations) - Resonators (Change the Quality of Sounds) “pharynx-nasal cavity-oral cavity” - Articulators (Help with the Movements Required) “palate-tongue-teeth-lips”

PHONEMES
They are sounds which come from vowels, consonants and symbols made to distinguish words. They are used to make transcriptions…

ALLOPHONES
They are specific characteristics given to some phonemes, depending on its position in the word…

ENGLISH VOWELS
They are 12 speech sounds produced with vibrating vocal chords and a continuous unrestricted flow of air coming from the mouth. ɑ: / ˄ / æ / Ə / e / ɝ / I / i: / ɒ / (: / Ʊ / u:

ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS
They are known as gliding vowels, and they refer to 2 adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: That is, the tongue moves during the pronunciation of the vowel.
|STANDARD ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS |
| |RP (British) |Australian |American |
| | | |GA |Canadian |
|Low |[əʊ̯] |[əʉ̯] |[oʊ̯] |
|loud |[aʊ̯] |[æɔ̯] |[aʊ̯] |[aʊ̯] |
|lout | |
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