Phsychological Imprinting
Psychological Imprinting: How does it work?
Have you ever met a person who has raised a non-domesticated animal as a pet? It would seem that this relationship would not work out between these two very different species. It is possible though for this animal and human coexist with this relationship and circumstances through the psychological process of imprinting. Imprinting is a specialized type of programmed learning that can be seen in higher animal species (Wikipedia, 2002). When learning using imprinting, animals learn rapidly and independent of the consequences of their behaviors. Imprinting is often used in show animals, such as horses, and cattle because the selected animals have to be able to cope with a high amount of human interaction, not too mention large, loud crowds.
One of the most influential people in the history of imprinting is Konrad Lorenz. Lorenz was originally known as one of the father’s of ethology. Ethology is the zoological study of animal behavior. One of the key concepts of ethology is the discovery that predictable behavioral programs are inherited from parents and portions of programs are open to natural selection and modification (Wikipedia, 2002). In the 1930’s Lorenz theoretically analyzed imprinting. He had two major revelations on imprinting. One was that imprinting was a result of an instinct and that the most effective stimuli for this form of imprinting would be the figures representing the adults of a given species. The other was that the critical period for imprinting to occur could be limited and restricted to the subject’s earliest life (McClelland, 2003).
From this point Lorenz could test filial imprinting. Filial Imprinting is a form of imprinting in which a young animal learns the characteristics of its parent (Sparknotes, 2006). Lorenz’s most known imprinting trial was done with baby geese. Goslings are known to follow the first thing they see when they hatch. In the case of Lorenz’s
Have you ever met a person who has raised a non-domesticated animal as a pet? It would seem that this relationship would not work out between these two very different species. It is possible though for this animal and human coexist with this relationship and circumstances through the psychological process of imprinting. Imprinting is a specialized type of programmed learning that can be seen in higher animal species (Wikipedia, 2002). When learning using imprinting, animals learn rapidly and independent of the consequences of their behaviors. Imprinting is often used in show animals, such as horses, and cattle because the selected animals have to be able to cope with a high amount of human interaction, not too mention large, loud crowds.
One of the most influential people in the history of imprinting is Konrad Lorenz. Lorenz was originally known as one of the father’s of ethology. Ethology is the zoological study of animal behavior. One of the key concepts of ethology is the discovery that predictable behavioral programs are inherited from parents and portions of programs are open to natural selection and modification (Wikipedia, 2002). In the 1930’s Lorenz theoretically analyzed imprinting. He had two major revelations on imprinting. One was that imprinting was a result of an instinct and that the most effective stimuli for this form of imprinting would be the figures representing the adults of a given species. The other was that the critical period for imprinting to occur could be limited and restricted to the subject’s earliest life (McClelland, 2003).
From this point Lorenz could test filial imprinting. Filial Imprinting is a form of imprinting in which a young animal learns the characteristics of its parent (Sparknotes, 2006). Lorenz’s most known imprinting trial was done with baby geese. Goslings are known to follow the first thing they see when they hatch. In the case of Lorenz’s
Bibliography: Cardoso, Silvia Helena PhD, and Sabbatini, R. PhD. (2003, November 4). Learning Who is Your Mother: The Behavior of Imprinting. Retrieved March 25, 2007 from http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n14/experimento/lorenz Irwin, Price T. (2005, April 28). Sexual Imprinting, learning and speciation. Retrieved March 28, 2007, from http:///www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi Kis ilevsky, B.S., (2003). Effects of experience on fetal voice recognition. Psychological science, 14, 220-224. McClelland, Gary. (January 8, 2003). Imprinting Simulation: The formation of social bonds in young presocial birds. Retrieved March 25, 2007 from http://www.samian.colorado.edu/~mcclella/introimprint.html SparkNotes.com. (2006). Imprinting. Retrieved March 28, 2007 from http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/animalbehavior/learning/section3.rhtml Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. (2002) Imprinting. Retrieved on March 28, 2007, from http://www.wikipedia.com/topic/imprinting-psychology