Physical And Chemical Properties Lab Report
Title: Physical and Chemical Properties
Purpose: To investigate the physical and chemical properties of pure substances as distinguishing characteristics.
Procedure:
1. Set up a well plate with 24 pieces and fill two with either Dilute HCl or Dilute NaOH.
2. Set up four test tubes with any single substance in each one.
3. Observe and record original color and odor of substance.
4. Light flame with matches.
-Hold test tube with substance in it over flame with clamps
-Observe and record reaction with heat
5. Pour cold tap water in the second tube of the substance.
-Observe and record solubility of substance with cold tap water, when mixed.
6. Heat test tube of cold tap water and substance over lit flame
-Observe and record solubility in hot tap water. …show more content…
-Allow tube to cool.
7. Take small sample of the substance and add to litmus paper, both red and blue.
-Observe and record reactions.
8. Take third test tube of substance and hold with clamps.
-Add a few drops of Dilute HCl
-Observe and record reactions
9. Take final test tube of substance and hold with clamps.
-Add a few drops of Dilute NaOH
-Observe and record reactions
10. Repeat steps 2 – 9 with each substance, recording data as you go along.
11. Clean up by neutralizing acids and pouring them down sink.
Data:
Solubility or Reaction | SubstanceName | Color | Odor | Effectof Heat | ColdH2O | HotH2O | LitmusTest | DiluteHCl | DiluteNaOH | Mg | Metallic/silver | none | Burned, metallic scent | Not soluble | Not soluble vibrated | No reaction | Fizzed, melted, released odorless gas | No reaction | Cu | Bronze/copper | metallic | Copper turned black, odor released in vapor. | Not soluble | Not soluble boiled rapidly | No reaction | No reaction | No reaction | Zn | Silver | none | Very hot/ no reaction | Not soluble | Not soluble | No reaction | Darkened color, fizzed | No reaction | MgO | White powder | Sweet, subtle | Releases burnt odor | Fairly soluble | Fairly soluble, released pungent odor | Changed red litmus paper blue | Bubbled, turned yellow, gave off heat | No reaction | CuCO3 | Green | none | Burned | Fairly soluble | Soluble | No reaction | Released light green gas, fizzed and bubbled | Changed to dark blue tint | Cu(NO3)2 | blue | none | Liquefied into blue shades | Very soluble | Soluble | Turned blue to red | Changed to green to yellow | No reaction | NaCl | White crystal | none | Burned, released gas | Extremely soluble | Dissolved, highly soluble | No reaction | Changed to yellow tint | Slightly souble, no reaction |
Questions: Did you observer any chemical changes in this experiment?
Yes, I observed chemical changes during this experiment.
What evidence did you use to decide that something was a chemical change? Give at least two examples of chemical changes you observed.
In CuCo3 reacting with HCl, which released a light green gas and produced bubbles. Cu(NO3)2 changed to a green and yellow color, and NaCl mixed with HCl changed to hold a slightly yellow tint. CuCo3 with NaOH changed to a darker color, also irreversible.
These are all signs that a chemical change occurred.
Classify the following properties of sodium metal as physical or chemical:
• Silver metallic color: physical
• Turns gray in air: chemical
• Melts at 98oC:
physical
• Reacts explosively with chlorine gas: chemical
Classify the following changes as physical or chemical:
• Water freezes at 0oC: physical
• Baking soda when combined with vinegar produces bubbles: chemical
• Mothballs gradually disappear at room temperature: chemical
• Ice cubes in a freezer get smaller with time: chemical
• Baking soda loses mass as it is heated: physical
• Tarnishing of silver: physical
How would you show that dissolving table salt is a physical change?
You can prove that dissolving table salt is a physical change by separating it. When the water dries, salt will be left over.
Results: While experimenting with chemical and physical properties of metallic substances, several things occurred. Most did not have an odor to begin with, however when heated substances such as Magnesium and Magnesium Oxide burned, they gave off a burnt metal scent. Most substances had no reaction with either of the litmus papers, or the Dilute NaOH. Copper Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide and Copper Nitrate reacted with Dilute HCl to produce bubbles, or a change in color. Copper Nitrate, when heated, liquefied and when heated to a boil of water, exploded. This proved a chemical reaction, as well as the physical solubility of the material.
Conclusion: Through this experiment, I learned what to expect from chemical substances and their properties. They are mostly sensitive substances that react with heat and other diluted chemicals. I discovered how important it is to be aware of substances’ properties before experimenting with them. Also, these properties, chemical and physical changes can be used in identifying an unknown substance without damaging it completely.
Purpose: To investigate the physical and chemical properties of pure substances as distinguishing characteristics.
Procedure:
1. Set up a well plate with 24 pieces and fill two with either Dilute HCl or Dilute NaOH.
2. Set up four test tubes with any single substance in each one.
3. Observe and record original color and odor of substance.
4. Light flame with matches.
-Hold test tube with substance in it over flame with clamps
-Observe and record reaction with heat
5. Pour cold tap water in the second tube of the substance.
-Observe and record solubility of substance with cold tap water, when mixed.
6. Heat test tube of cold tap water and substance over lit flame
-Observe and record solubility in hot tap water. …show more content…
-Allow tube to cool.
7. Take small sample of the substance and add to litmus paper, both red and blue.
-Observe and record reactions.
8. Take third test tube of substance and hold with clamps.
-Add a few drops of Dilute HCl
-Observe and record reactions
9. Take final test tube of substance and hold with clamps.
-Add a few drops of Dilute NaOH
-Observe and record reactions
10. Repeat steps 2 – 9 with each substance, recording data as you go along.
11. Clean up by neutralizing acids and pouring them down sink.
Data:
Solubility or Reaction | SubstanceName | Color | Odor | Effectof Heat | ColdH2O | HotH2O | LitmusTest | DiluteHCl | DiluteNaOH | Mg | Metallic/silver | none | Burned, metallic scent | Not soluble | Not soluble vibrated | No reaction | Fizzed, melted, released odorless gas | No reaction | Cu | Bronze/copper | metallic | Copper turned black, odor released in vapor. | Not soluble | Not soluble boiled rapidly | No reaction | No reaction | No reaction | Zn | Silver | none | Very hot/ no reaction | Not soluble | Not soluble | No reaction | Darkened color, fizzed | No reaction | MgO | White powder | Sweet, subtle | Releases burnt odor | Fairly soluble | Fairly soluble, released pungent odor | Changed red litmus paper blue | Bubbled, turned yellow, gave off heat | No reaction | CuCO3 | Green | none | Burned | Fairly soluble | Soluble | No reaction | Released light green gas, fizzed and bubbled | Changed to dark blue tint | Cu(NO3)2 | blue | none | Liquefied into blue shades | Very soluble | Soluble | Turned blue to red | Changed to green to yellow | No reaction | NaCl | White crystal | none | Burned, released gas | Extremely soluble | Dissolved, highly soluble | No reaction | Changed to yellow tint | Slightly souble, no reaction |
Questions: Did you observer any chemical changes in this experiment?
Yes, I observed chemical changes during this experiment.
What evidence did you use to decide that something was a chemical change? Give at least two examples of chemical changes you observed.
In CuCo3 reacting with HCl, which released a light green gas and produced bubbles. Cu(NO3)2 changed to a green and yellow color, and NaCl mixed with HCl changed to hold a slightly yellow tint. CuCo3 with NaOH changed to a darker color, also irreversible.
These are all signs that a chemical change occurred.
Classify the following properties of sodium metal as physical or chemical:
• Silver metallic color: physical
• Turns gray in air: chemical
• Melts at 98oC:
physical
• Reacts explosively with chlorine gas: chemical
Classify the following changes as physical or chemical:
• Water freezes at 0oC: physical
• Baking soda when combined with vinegar produces bubbles: chemical
• Mothballs gradually disappear at room temperature: chemical
• Ice cubes in a freezer get smaller with time: chemical
• Baking soda loses mass as it is heated: physical
• Tarnishing of silver: physical
How would you show that dissolving table salt is a physical change?
You can prove that dissolving table salt is a physical change by separating it. When the water dries, salt will be left over.
Results: While experimenting with chemical and physical properties of metallic substances, several things occurred. Most did not have an odor to begin with, however when heated substances such as Magnesium and Magnesium Oxide burned, they gave off a burnt metal scent. Most substances had no reaction with either of the litmus papers, or the Dilute NaOH. Copper Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide and Copper Nitrate reacted with Dilute HCl to produce bubbles, or a change in color. Copper Nitrate, when heated, liquefied and when heated to a boil of water, exploded. This proved a chemical reaction, as well as the physical solubility of the material.
Conclusion: Through this experiment, I learned what to expect from chemical substances and their properties. They are mostly sensitive substances that react with heat and other diluted chemicals. I discovered how important it is to be aware of substances’ properties before experimenting with them. Also, these properties, chemical and physical changes can be used in identifying an unknown substance without damaging it completely.