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Physical Assessment

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Physical Assessment
Physical Assessment
Instruments:
a. weighing scale

b. penlight

c. gloves

d. magnifying glass/slides (diascopy)

e. thermometer

f. drapes (bed sheet)

g. lubricants (oil, water based)

h. BP apparatus

i. Stethoscope

j. Disposable pods

k. tape measure

l. tongue depressor

m. ophthalmoscope (eyes)

n. otoscope (ears)

o. Snellen Eye Chart (Rosen Baum Chart)
p. nasal speculum (nose)

q. vagina speculum

r. alcohol

Client’s Position
a. Supine

b. Prone

c. Dorsal Recumbent

d. Lithotomy

e. Knee-chest/ Genupectoral

f. Sim’s Position

g. Side-lying position

h. Standing/erect

i. Sitting

Purpose of PA:
1. Screening of well-being
2. Validating of the complaints
3. Monitoring of current health problem
4. Formulation of diagnosis and treatments
Standard Pre-caution and Transmission-based Pre-cautions
1. Universal Pre-caution- to protect health care personnel and patients.
-prevent exchange of blood and body fluids
3 ELEMENTS OF STANDARD PRE-CAUTIONS
1. Respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette
2. Safe Infection Practices -intramuscular -intradermal -subcutaneous
3. Use of masks for any invasive procedure involving the spinal or epidermal spaces
Skin-epidermis- C L G S B -dermis
Cutaneous
Aponeurosis Galea
Loose conn
Periosterum
Skull
Dura
Arachnoid
Piamatter

2. Transmission-based Precautions- transferring microorganism to one person to another
-contact precaution
-droplet precaution
-airborne precaution
HEPA filters- high efficiency particulate air
Hand washing- most important control practice -alcohol-based and non-bacterial soap and water
Atelectasis- lungs collapsed

Emphysema-for chronic smokers; too much air in the lungs that caused the lungs to expand

Pneumothorax- when air is in the nasal pleural

ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE (IPPA)
1. Inspection- using one’s own senses a. vision- fully expose a body part -overhead
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