Physical Geography
L2 May 8, 2013 Physical Geography
Agenda:
• 1.Geological Structure and Relief
• 2. Climate
• 3. Rivers and Lakes
• 4. Biomes
1. Geological Structure and Relief * Relief: means topography, or landforms such as mountains, lowlands, highlands etc. * Geology: is dynamics is the reasons for relief; we have interconnection between geological structures & relief. it is the inner structures of the earth. * Types of Plate Tectonics: Divergent Boundaries e.g. ice land; Convergent boundaries; transform boundaries e.g. Sandra’s fault. * Eurasia plate: is more than 85% territory. * The Kamchatka & The Chukotka peninsulas, according to some researchers was or could be at one time part of North America. But, this is controversial & will not be on exams! * There are collision zones between Indo-Australian or Indian plate & Eurasia plate. This also shows relief. * On the west, there is pacific plate called “The Ring of Fire” –more than 50% of world’s volcanoes, earthquakes occur in this area.
1.1 Geological Structures: Stable Landforms * Ancient Platforms or (Cratons): is about 2 billion years ago when they were created
Russia has 2 ancient platforms or Cratons: * Eastern European Cratons (EEC): includes Baltic Shield which is an analogy [similar] to Canadian Shield; * Siberian Craton : is about 2 billion years old, it is again the most ancient platform * Western Siberia Plain or (Lowlands): is submerged under the ancient sea about 65 – 190 million years ago during Paleozoic period. It lies between the Urals and Siberian Craton. It is extremely flat; tilts northward, so the rivers flow northward. [western Siberia is much younger than eastern Europeans & Siberian cratons].
Eastern European platforms is very stable, has no earthquakes.
1.2. Ancient Mountains: The Urals * Ancient mountains called ‘The Urals’ Formed about 250 million
Agenda:
• 1.Geological Structure and Relief
• 2. Climate
• 3. Rivers and Lakes
• 4. Biomes
1. Geological Structure and Relief * Relief: means topography, or landforms such as mountains, lowlands, highlands etc. * Geology: is dynamics is the reasons for relief; we have interconnection between geological structures & relief. it is the inner structures of the earth. * Types of Plate Tectonics: Divergent Boundaries e.g. ice land; Convergent boundaries; transform boundaries e.g. Sandra’s fault. * Eurasia plate: is more than 85% territory. * The Kamchatka & The Chukotka peninsulas, according to some researchers was or could be at one time part of North America. But, this is controversial & will not be on exams! * There are collision zones between Indo-Australian or Indian plate & Eurasia plate. This also shows relief. * On the west, there is pacific plate called “The Ring of Fire” –more than 50% of world’s volcanoes, earthquakes occur in this area.
1.1 Geological Structures: Stable Landforms * Ancient Platforms or (Cratons): is about 2 billion years ago when they were created
Russia has 2 ancient platforms or Cratons: * Eastern European Cratons (EEC): includes Baltic Shield which is an analogy [similar] to Canadian Shield; * Siberian Craton : is about 2 billion years old, it is again the most ancient platform * Western Siberia Plain or (Lowlands): is submerged under the ancient sea about 65 – 190 million years ago during Paleozoic period. It lies between the Urals and Siberian Craton. It is extremely flat; tilts northward, so the rivers flow northward. [western Siberia is much younger than eastern Europeans & Siberian cratons].
Eastern European platforms is very stable, has no earthquakes.
1.2. Ancient Mountains: The Urals * Ancient mountains called ‘The Urals’ Formed about 250 million