From Gauss’ Law
Flux perpendicular r to E is equal to zero. Flux entering a surface is negative. Flux leaving a surface is positive. The flux entering a surface is the same as the flux leaving it.
A Hemisphere with charge in front of flat surface:
Gaussian Surfaces
Exterior to a uniformly charged insulating sphere of radius “a” and total charge Q:
Interior (still an insulating sphere)
Interior of a uniformly charged conducting sphere
Infinite Flat Field
Gaussian Cylinder around an Infinite Line
Just outside surface of a charged conductor
Electric Fields
dE is the electric field produced by a tiny piece of charge dq.
X-Component of Electric Field for a Uniformly Charged Ring
Electric Field of a Charged Rod
Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates of Opposite Charge
Tiny Piece of Charge (dq)
Charge Densities
Potential Energy
Total Potential Energy for a System of Three Charged Particles
Acceleration of a Particle
Speed of a Particle between Two Plates
Voltage
Capacitance
Potential Energy Stored in a Capacitor
When Two Capacitors are in Series