physics
Physics (from Ancient Greek: φυσική (ἐπιστήμη) phusikḗ (epistḗmē) “knowledge of nature”, from φύσις phúsis "nature"[1][2][3]) is the natural science that involves the study of matter[4] and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force.[5] More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.[a][6][7]
Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.[8] Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right.[b] Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences[6] while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.
Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons;[6] advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Ancient astronomy
1.2 Natural philosophy
1.3 Classical physics
1.4 Modern physics
2 Philosophy
3 Core theories
3.1 Classical physics
3.2 Modern physics
3.3 Difference between classical and modern physics
4 Relation to other fields
4.1 Prerequisites
4.2 Application and influence
5 Research
5.1 Scientific
Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy.[8] Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right.[b] Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences[6] while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.
Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons;[6] advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Ancient astronomy
1.2 Natural philosophy
1.3 Classical physics
1.4 Modern physics
2 Philosophy
3 Core theories
3.1 Classical physics
3.2 Modern physics
3.3 Difference between classical and modern physics
4 Relation to other fields
4.1 Prerequisites
4.2 Application and influence
5 Research
5.1 Scientific
References: Main article: Classical physics Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727), whose laws of motion and universal gravitation were major milestones in classical physics See also: History of special relativity and History of quantum mechanics Albert Einstein (1879–1955), whose work on the photoelectric effect and the theory of relativity led to a revolution in 20th century physics Max Planck (1858–1947), the originator of the theory of quantum mechanics Modern physics began in the early 20th century with the work of Max Planck in quantum theory and Albert Einstein 's theory of relativity