Physics: Acceleration and Constant Velocity
www.kmph.matrik.edu.my
CHAPTER 2: Kinematics of linear motion (5 hours)
1
2.0 Kinematics of Linear motion
is defined as the studies of motion of an objects without considering the effects that produce the motion. There are two types of motion: Linear or straight line motion (1-D) with constant (uniform) velocity with constant (uniform) acceleration, e.g. free fall motion Projectile motion (2-D) x-component (horizontal) y-component (vertical)
2
Learning Outcome:
2.1 Linear Motion (2 hour) www.kmph.matrik.edu.my
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Define and distinguish between i) distance and displacement, ii) speed and velocity, iii) instantaneous velocity, average velocity, uniform velocity iv) instantaneous acceleration, average acceleration and uniform acceleration. Sketch graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time. Determine the distance travelled, displacement, velocity and uniform acceleration from appropriate graphs.
3
2.1. Linear motion (1-D)
2.1.1. Distance, d
scalar quantity. is defined as the length of actual path between two points. For example :
Q
P
The length of the path from P to Q is 25 cm.
4
2.1.2
Displacement, s
vector quantity is defined as the distance between initial point and final point in a straight line. The S.I. unit of displacement is metre (m).
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Example 2.1 : An object P moves 30 m to the east after that 15 m to the south and finally moves 40 m to west. Determine the displacement of P relative to the original position.
ANS. : 18 m, 56⁰ from west to south.
6
2.1.3 Speed, v
is defined the rate of change of distance. scalar quantity. Equation:
changeof distance speed time interval
v
Δd Δt
7
2.1.4
Velocity, v
is a vector quantity. The S.I. unit for velocity is m s-1.
Average velocity, vav is defined as the rate of change of displacement.
CHAPTER 2: Kinematics of linear motion (5 hours)
1
2.0 Kinematics of Linear motion
is defined as the studies of motion of an objects without considering the effects that produce the motion. There are two types of motion: Linear or straight line motion (1-D) with constant (uniform) velocity with constant (uniform) acceleration, e.g. free fall motion Projectile motion (2-D) x-component (horizontal) y-component (vertical)
2
Learning Outcome:
2.1 Linear Motion (2 hour) www.kmph.matrik.edu.my
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Define and distinguish between i) distance and displacement, ii) speed and velocity, iii) instantaneous velocity, average velocity, uniform velocity iv) instantaneous acceleration, average acceleration and uniform acceleration. Sketch graphs of displacement-time, velocity-time and acceleration-time. Determine the distance travelled, displacement, velocity and uniform acceleration from appropriate graphs.
3
2.1. Linear motion (1-D)
2.1.1. Distance, d
scalar quantity. is defined as the length of actual path between two points. For example :
Q
P
The length of the path from P to Q is 25 cm.
4
2.1.2
Displacement, s
vector quantity is defined as the distance between initial point and final point in a straight line. The S.I. unit of displacement is metre (m).
5
Example 2.1 : An object P moves 30 m to the east after that 15 m to the south and finally moves 40 m to west. Determine the displacement of P relative to the original position.
ANS. : 18 m, 56⁰ from west to south.
6
2.1.3 Speed, v
is defined the rate of change of distance. scalar quantity. Equation:
changeof distance speed time interval
v
Δd Δt
7
2.1.4
Velocity, v
is a vector quantity. The S.I. unit for velocity is m s-1.
Average velocity, vav is defined as the rate of change of displacement.