Preview

piigs

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
5911 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
piigs
Topic: PIIGS (European debt crisis)

吳宇綸D0131292
劉昱顯D0131156
王謙
周雋彥D0125599
Contents
1. Introduction

2. Overview of the European sovereign debt problem

3. Relief measures of the European sovereign debt crisis

4. European debt crisis

5. Conclusion

6. References

I. Introduction

The PIIGS is a group that composed of five countries that have some commonality in location and economic environments. In this case, PIIGS includes Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain. The countries which be mentioned are all part of European Union members and have been noted for having weak economics and bad situation of financial problems. In 2008, economic crisis came to all over the world, during the worldwide economic crisis, Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain began to come out the grave and serious concern in the European Union refer to the enormous amount of sovereign debt that they were carrying.
The problem with the PIIGS is that speculators dropped, compounding their debt issues and the situation might be much more worse. Many European Union members were also unwilling to rescue these struggling nations although when it became very clear that assistance would be needed. The sovereign debt crisis sparked a number of conversations about reforming financial policy in the European Union to prevent similar problems in the future.
The members of PIIGS felt displeasure at the negative allusions and some have deny the use of the term altogether. Though each member has already caught media’s attention, many organizations have tried hard to reduce or get rid of the infamy itself due to its negative implication. While some of their individual GDP growth rates are impressively out of everyone’s expectation, most of it was financed, leaving these countries with heavy debt burdens.

II. Overview of the European sovereign debt problem

The growth rate of each European country economic are not the same, also the competitiveness as well. By using the same currency,



References: 1. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15060862 2. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 3.http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/estat-navtree-portlet-prod/BulkDownloadListing

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Euro Crisis 2009

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Furthermore, in Euro Crisis 2009, because of adverse selection, poorer countries become the major member of single currency zone such as Greece, Portugal, Spain and so on. The larger government debt of those poorer countries makes the sovereign debt crisis becomes more intense and the political balance of euro zone fiscal union is more toward to them. Therefore, richer countries in Euro-Zone have to transfer their financial resource to those poorer countries to cover the sovereign debt. With the continuous rising of sovereign debt in Euro zone, Euro Crisis becomes a global financial crisis.…

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Essay 4

    • 1561 Words
    • 5 Pages

    There are many reasons for adopting a common currency - having a fixed exchange rate means that a joining country gives up its ability to use a floating exchange rate and control of monetary policy (therefore unable to control interest rates) for the purpose of stabilising output and employment.…

    • 1561 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    2. Sixteen countries of the European Union use the Euro as their common currency. Using the functions of money described in chapter 3, what are the advantages of a common currency?…

    • 929 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Chapter 33 APWH Notes

    • 1634 Words
    • 7 Pages

    The euro competed with the U.S. dollar, but unequal levels of development among members became a source of friction in 2009 as the world economic downturn devastated stock markets and increased unemployment.…

    • 1634 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    |Unbalanced growth, pockmarked by financial distress. The threat of protectionism brought on by persistently high unemployment, particularly in developed |…

    • 528 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    |Joining the Euro could ensure a stable exchange rate and provide a |The threat of peak oil will have an adverse affect on the euro…

    • 1198 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    European Union

    • 478 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Although they tried to build harmony among themselves that is essential for them to avoid violence and helps to bond a strong political relation among each other .However , various level of social and economic growth as well as the change in values ,principles and political situation between members are the chief causes of discord among them. The current discord among European union (EU) which is one of the biggest financial and political union ,could be the regional economic combination which has been hindered the free trade of some countries across the EU. By local economic integration in today’s globalization, contracts among countries in a geographic region to attain economic improvements from the free movement of trade and investment among themselves (Hill, 2013). The Eurozone is obviously having a decline, unless a new wave of crisis. The London Financial Times states that, an 11 billion euro has been originated in the program for saving the Greek economy. The publication conditions that before the end of this year, the governments of the European nations which are the central holders of Greek debts want to allot an average half of that amount to the Greek government. Or else…

    • 478 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Minsky model

    • 3797 Words
    • 16 Pages

    Since the end of the Great Depression “…financial failure has been more extensive and pervasive” in the 30-year period 1980 to 2010 than at any other time leading up to the present day (p. 7). Four financial crises occurred in this 30-year period. The closest in time of the four financial crises to the present period is the recent liquidity crisis, the so-called Great Recession of 2007 – 2009, beginning in the United States, Great Britain, Spain, Ireland and Iceland. Eventually all of the countries of the Eurozone succumbed to the disequilibria of the Great Recession with the Eurozone’s suffering further intensifying because of the emergence of the so-called Sovereign Debt Crisis, a sub-crisis morphing out of the Great Recession in 2010 and 2011, involving Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy and Cyprus. The Sovereign Debt Crisis is still ongoing having recently extended itself into calendar year 2013.…

    • 3797 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    With the change over to the Euro notes and coins now complete across the "Euro-zone", twelve countries that have adopted the Euro as their currency, the debate over whether to adopt the single currency in Britain continues. There will be those who argue that the introduction of the single currency is merely the next logical step in the development of a truly single market, and that by joining, Britain would gain a voice in what could eventually become the world 's most powerful economic zone. Others believe that a successful common market is not dependant on the adoption of a single currency, which they see as merely another irrevocable step towards the political union of Europe. But the main focus of the debate centers on the parameters of macro economic objectives.…

    • 5565 Words
    • 23 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    business reorganization, and not merely from shedding workers. In the best case, productivity-driven gains in foreign market…

    • 7220 Words
    • 29 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    The Eurozone crisis

    • 3510 Words
    • 9 Pages

    The Eurozone crisis was not caused by a single factor, it was the result of a compound of errors made by member states in different sectors of the European economy. There are three causes that have been identified as directly leading to the crisis. The problems of competitiveness, debt and the lack of a comprehensive growth model. There are several other causes, but the problems of Greece mirror the problems of the rest of the Eurozone. In order to fully evaluate and understand the causes of the Eurozone, it is necessary to first look at the way Greece’s debt rose to 112.9% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2009. This was the first asymmetric shock in the Euro, but it wasn’t seen as cause for concern at the time it was revealed. Another major issue that needs to be evaluated is the blatant ignorance of the rules of the Maastricht treaty rules about deficit spending and sovereign debt. This laid a poor foundation for the financial stability of the European Monetary Union (EMU) and its ability to absorb asymmetric shocks. There are doubts about whether or not Europe is an optimal currency area and what makes an optimal currency area, economists have argued over this for some time. The OCA will be evaluated in more detail in this essay. There are a lot of lessons to be taken away from the Euro Crisis, lessons that could help prevent future crises arising from asymmetric shocks, some of these lessons will be evaluated in this essay. Throughout this essay, references will be made to the Greek debt crisis as a case study for the wider issues in the Euro crisis.…

    • 3510 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    American Debt Crisis Essay

    • 3797 Words
    • 16 Pages

    “US AND EU ZONE DEBT PROBLEM AND DOWNGRADE and ITS IMPACT IN GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKET and GLOBAL ECONOMY”…

    • 3797 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The European single currency is a common legal tender currently used by 17 of the 27 member states of the Euro zone. This single currency is known as the Euro which was first introduced as an electronic currency on 1st January 1999, where it could only be used for cashless payments. Then later on in 2002, the euro became a physical state, notes and coins. The intention of creating a single European currency was in order to make it easier to trade across the EU, excluding the problems of exchange rates. However, there are two of the original member states that still to this day do not use the Euro; Denmark and the United Kingdom. They both agreed an ‘opt-out’ in the treaty which then excluded them from participation in the third stage of the European Monetary Union. (EMU) For the remainder of the member countries that currently do not use the single currency, they will need to meet certain conditions before changing their current money into Euros. These certain conditions would be known as the convergence criteria, which is a mixture of economic requirements that EU members must meet before entering the third stage of the EMU.…

    • 1693 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Introduction of Euro in the world’s monetary union is a milestone. Eleven countries were going to create EMU at the beginning, now there is a long queue to join in EMU. Most of the EMU members get more advantage then disadvantage to join in Euro. Euro creates a large market in the Eurozone. Three core members of EU (Great Britain, Sweden and Denmark) still not participate in European single currency. Many European countries are very excited to join in EU, some of them decided to implement European rate mechanism- 2 (ERM-2). If Britain accept euro then the country poses both advantage and disadvantage. Productivity and living standard will increase if Britain joins in Euro. If they will not join, they have chance to fall further behind.…

    • 2644 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The UK and Euro

    • 943 Words
    • 4 Pages

    If we share a currency with the rest of Europe, there will be no need to pay transaction costs of changing currencies. For businesses which have high transaction costs, it will be a huge benefit for them as they can lower their cost of production, which allows them to maybe lower price and be more competitive in the international market, and if an individual firm is more competitive than other ones in the market, in a long term this will dominate other firms in the market because they can’t compete with the low cost of production, making that firm to be a monopoly or left with just a few firms in the market, and allowing them to grow rapidly by having all the sales in the market and creating barrier to entry for the market. So for example if the UK is using the Euros, Jack Wills or Topman/Topshop will be able to reduce their cost of production because they export a lot of clothing to the Europe, so if they don’t have to pay the transection cost, it will lower the total cost, which provides better profit margin, and will allow them to compete with other international clothing brands such as Abercrombie and Fitch and Hollister from America.…

    • 943 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays