the links made between play and learning in Early Years Settings. The key issues that are central to this are; the…
Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development suggests that development occurs through four different stages, the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages. While the information processing theory propose there is a continuous pattern of development that are not broken up into specific stages as Piaget offers.…
Each of them developed their own theories about how play affected different aspects of children. Piaget defined play as assimilation or the child’s efforts to make environmental stimuli match his or her own concepts (Englebright Fox). On the opposite side of the argument, Vygotsky theories state that play helps children advance their cognitive development that children practice what they already know, along with them also learning new things (Englebright Fox). Both of these theories have been supported by numerous observations of children playing. If children cannot express themselves through play, what is the effect on their social, cognitive or even physical health? What are the benefits towards allowing or even encouraging a plethora of free…
Psychologically play is therapeutic; it eases stress and tension and helps children to relax aiding their emotional wellbeing. When a child has been in school they need some ‘down time’ to play and discover themselves, this also helps them process the day’s events. Children use play to make sense of the world around them, it can help them solve problems and learn new skills.…
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) defined play as the child’s efforts to make environmental incentive to match his or her own concepts, children adjust and build their mental structures to suit what they are experiencing which he called adaption. Piaget believed that children actively construct their own cognitive worlds and are not just passive receivers of information.…
Piaget theory was about how early cognitive development happens through a process where actions prompt thought processes. He had belief that cognitive development follows a process of four stages that are the same for all children, but can reach that stage at different times. First stage is Sensori-Motor: Birth to 2 years old. In this stage, children are learning about the world around them through their senses. The second stage is the Preoperational Stage: 2 – 7 years old. In this stage, children sees their world as it is. Piaget’s third stage is the Concrete Operational Stage: 7 – 11 years old. Children at this stage are not yet able to think in complex thoughts, but are starting to mentally solve problems, with concepts such as numbers,…
Play is important for children’s development and it help them to explore their world outside of what they feel or hear. Play help children’s to learn and develop their skills, Play is also important and support different areas of their development. Children’s learn things like soft and hard objects, it also develop their muscles for easy movement. The play work principle (2006) state, all children and young people need to play the impulse to play is innate, Play is a biological, psychological and social necessity, and is fundamental to the healthy development and well being of individual and communities. “ Bob Hughes ( 2006), a play worker and play theorist, has defined sixteen play types, including creative, dramatic, exploratory, fantasy, locomotors, mastery, role, rough and tumble, social, socio-dramatic, symbolic, deep ( extremely risk) and recapitulative ( ritual) play. That this description indicates a relevance to the social, physical, intellectual, creative and emotional development and outcome of the foundation stage,(www.standards.dfes,gov.uk/eyfs). Children increase their social competence and emotional maturity, play help them to communicate and learn to socialize with each others, and sharing with their friends. Children’s enjoy play; they develop gross and fine motor skills.…
According to” Piaget theory”, cognitive development involves a change in cognitive process and abilities. The cognitive level of these I observed was preoperational stage to operational stage. At the preoperational stage happen from age 2-7 year olds, in this stage, kids learn through pretend paly but still struggle with logic and taking other people opinion. They also often struggle with understanding the ideal of constancy. The operational stage happen from age 7-11, in this stage individual are able to logically use symbols related to abstract concepts, such as time ,space, and quantity are understood and can be applied. The higher stage I observed was formal operation stage, these students have more knowledge than the preparation stage…
Play is vital to a child and young person’s development because it enables them to enjoy learning and promotes their development and also helps with their speech, language and communication skills, their physical, emotional, social and intellectual development.…
Play therapy is a structures theoretically based approach where a therapist will use play to help clients express themselves with things that are troubling them and which they don’t know how to properly explain with words. With play therapy clients can find a safe psychological distance from their problems, which creates a freedom of expression. It helps children change the way they think about and feel to work towards resolving their conflicts.…
Bills (1950) investigated the effects of nondirective play therapy on poorly adjusted slow readers and found that after play therapy sessions, the group showed significant gains in their reading ability. Barlow, Strother, and Landreth (1985) reported on the case of a 4-year old child whose emotional reactions were so severe that she had pulled her hair out until she was completely bald. By the end of her play therapy sessions, previously reported behavioral symptoms had disappeared and her hair began regrowth. Another study reflected a 6-year old boy’s struggle in accepting his grandfather’s death. Nearing the fifth play therapy session, he was able to express awareness and acceptance of his grandfather’s passing (Ray, Stulmaker & Lee, 2013). These studies are a small reflection of the large impact child-centered play therapy has on the potential change in a child’s…
In the mind of a child ‘play’ constitute what they experience through activity taking place during a specific period time collectively with friends, family members or individually alone in his or her personal space. Brian Sutton-Smith (1997) a well-known play theorist believes that a child is born with a very active neuronal which will ease to function if not used. Children at an early age are capable of developing neurological function with will help them to solve problems, understand communication through language, respond to simple command and gain knowledge through the learning process. This activity requires any child to used physical function of the body for example muscles, nerves and senses. It’s always about learning as they progress…
Nondirective play therapy is a therapy method in which therapists are taught to have a hands-off approach to play therapy with their clients. The children direct their own play, rather than the therapist directing the child’s activities during the therapy sessions. This allows the child to play at their leisure and necessitates that the therapist become ensconced in the child’s self-directed imaginative play, rather than the child adhering to the therapist’s direction, which may be beyond the child’s comprehension. (Kenney-Noziska, et al., 2012).…
Over this semester I have learned a plethora of information on how to work with clients, work with client’s parents, teacher, how to do play therapy and how to integrate it with other forms of therapy. When the semester first began I was limiting myself to using only one strict form of therapy with my child clients. Throughout the semester I worked to evolve and incorporate non-directive play therapy, structural family therapy and Teacher-Child-Interactive therapy in sessions as it fit.…
Article: Carroll, J. (2002). Play Therapy: the children’s views, Child and Family Social Work, 7, pg 177-187…