Pneumothorax: Mechanical Ventilation and Medicine Net
Pneumothorax & Mechanical Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation is the use of life-support to perform the work of breathing for patients who are unable to breathe on their own or are critically ill. The First Mechanical Ventilation machine was used in 1938 called the "Iron Lung " which used negative pressure. Positive Mechanical ventilators began to be used in anesthesia and intensive care during the 1950s. The development was confirmed by the need to treat polio patients and the increasing use of muscle relaxation, during anesthesia. Modern ventilators today are classified by the method of cycling from inspiratory phase to the expiatory phase.
Today we use positive ventilation over negative, negative is not as invasive but mimics normal breathing but is uncomfortable, today it is not commonly used. Positive-pressure ventilation means that pressure is applied at the patient 's lungs through an ETT or tracheotomy tube. The positive pressure causes the gas to flow into the lungs until the ventilator breath has ended. As the airway pressure drops back to zero, elastic recoil of the chest accomplishes passive exhalation by pushing the tidal volume out. Every patient is treated differently depending on the reason to intubate, until we can extubate we have to fix the underlying problem. Prolonged mechanical ventilation can lead to nosocomial pneumonia, cardiac morbidity, and death. However, extubating a patient too soon may result in having to reintubate which can result in the same illnesses as prolonged intubation. “Respiratory therapists start testing for the opportunity to reduce support very soon after intubation and reduces support at every opportunity” (Cook 2000).
Most common mode of ventilation is AC-VC it provides a consistent breath-to-breath tidal volume, making the tidal volume and rate preset and guaranteed. The patient can attribute to the frequency and timing of the breaths. If the patient makes an inspiratory effort, the ventilator senses a
Mechanical ventilation is the use of life-support to perform the work of breathing for patients who are unable to breathe on their own or are critically ill. The First Mechanical Ventilation machine was used in 1938 called the "Iron Lung " which used negative pressure. Positive Mechanical ventilators began to be used in anesthesia and intensive care during the 1950s. The development was confirmed by the need to treat polio patients and the increasing use of muscle relaxation, during anesthesia. Modern ventilators today are classified by the method of cycling from inspiratory phase to the expiatory phase.
Today we use positive ventilation over negative, negative is not as invasive but mimics normal breathing but is uncomfortable, today it is not commonly used. Positive-pressure ventilation means that pressure is applied at the patient 's lungs through an ETT or tracheotomy tube. The positive pressure causes the gas to flow into the lungs until the ventilator breath has ended. As the airway pressure drops back to zero, elastic recoil of the chest accomplishes passive exhalation by pushing the tidal volume out. Every patient is treated differently depending on the reason to intubate, until we can extubate we have to fix the underlying problem. Prolonged mechanical ventilation can lead to nosocomial pneumonia, cardiac morbidity, and death. However, extubating a patient too soon may result in having to reintubate which can result in the same illnesses as prolonged intubation. “Respiratory therapists start testing for the opportunity to reduce support very soon after intubation and reduces support at every opportunity” (Cook 2000).
Most common mode of ventilation is AC-VC it provides a consistent breath-to-breath tidal volume, making the tidal volume and rate preset and guaranteed. The patient can attribute to the frequency and timing of the breaths. If the patient makes an inspiratory effort, the ventilator senses a
References: 1. © 1998-2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.com," "EmbodyHealth," "Enhance your life," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. 2. Light RW, Lee GY. Pneumothorax, chylothorax, hemothorax, and fibrothorax. In: Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadler JA, eds. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2005:chap 69. 3. ©1996-2012 MedicineNet, Inc. 4. © 1998-2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All rights reserved 5. © Pilbeam Mechanical Ventilation, 2006 6. http://www.touchbriefings.com/pdf/2901/ambalaranan.pdf, 2007 airway management article. 7. Pierson DJ. Invasive mechanical ventilation. In Albert RK, Spiro SG, Jett JR, eds. Clinical respiratory medicine. London/Philadelphia, Saunders, 2nd edition,2004:189-209. MacIntyre NR, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, eds. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support. American College of Chest Physicians, American Association for Respiratory Care, and American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 2001 Dec;120(6 Suppl):375S-484S.