Chapter 12 p.431
Questions 4, 5, 7 and 11 (Question 11 is worth 20 points)
4. Pollution isn’t always caused by human activity. The term pollution can be applied when the composition of something has been modified by the presence of one or more substances that either it cannot be used for a specific purpose or it is less suitable for that use than it was in its natural state. Nature pollutes water with leaves that fall off the trees and decay, animal waste, and oil seepages.
5. A major source of water pollution results from agricultural practices. Fertilizers and animal waste exists from planting and grazing animals; the danger of these wastes consists of the deaths of fish that live in the habitat surrounding the runoff of pollutants. Biocides, herbicides and pesticides, are used to kill pests and weeds that harm plant growth. These contaminate ground and surface waters, having effects on fish, birds, and plant life. Other sources of pollution result from industrial facilities, mining, and urbanization. Industry and mining pollute water with disposal of chemicals and minerals. Urbanization pollutes with items used in daily life, such as garbage, animal droppings, and vehicle drippings. Countries have showed effort to lessen the problem through education and recycling. The 18 countries that border the Mediterranean Sea get together for a convention in order to control pollutants in that area.
7. Excavation has produced landforms such as pits, ponds, ridge, drenches, subsidence depressions, canals, and reservoirs. Dumping is the creation of landforms due to excavation, for example the cutting of terrace out of slopes of hills and mountains in Asia. The removal of fluids and solids beneath the ground, results in subsidence. The effects of subsidence can result in the formation of sinkholes, pits, sags, and leaves areas more defenseless in natural disasters like earthquakes.
11. IPAT equation determines the extent of human impact of