Using ancient Sparta as a case study, I would say that the Greeks did not place a lot of emphasis on monarch. In fact their perception and relationship to monarchy was very subdued .The Spartans operated a bi-monarchial system of monarchy .In essence; they did not value monarchy, in the sense that monarchy can only be practiced absolutely for it to have a true meaning.…
Looking at the human race as a herd of sheep or any other kind of animal, coexisting, and flocking to the “strongest and bravest as leaders.” Polybius also goes into how there is a constant cycle progressively shifting from an oligarchy to a democracy in the ninth chapter of book six.…
Democritus was a Greek Philosopher born 460 B.C. in the city of Abdera, and died 370 B.C. He was born into a wealthy family and traveled the world extensively. He was known as the “laughing” philosopher, or the “happy” philosopher because he would constantly mock people, and laugh incessantly about his own jibes. Throughout his life he wrote over 70 books, however very few pages have survived the years. Some have said that Democritus blinded himself to better understand his own mind,however, because he had over 70 writings these conceptions of Democritus have been discredited. Democritus studied natural philosophy under his mentor Leucippus, who had a huge affect on Democritus's writings and publications as they were very similar to Leucippus own theories. It is difficult to distinguish whose theories belonged to who because very few documents have survived. However Democritus has been credited with most of them. His major contributions to science is his atomic theory,which was the basis on which modern atomic theory was developed.(http://www.iep.utm.edu/democrit/)…
In the sixth and seventh century, Archaic Greece saw to the emergence of tyrants as a form of government due to social and political inequality. The tyrant’s form of government was effective economically and socially as it stabilised social disruptions and economic distress. However, it eventually led to political rivalry, which destabilised their form of government.…
“…kept things in a just equilibrium… to resist democracy, and… supporting the people against the establishment of absolute monarchy.” (Plutarch) (Gerousia)…
Hannibal’s crossing of the Alps is one of history’s most remarkable military achievements even to this day. There are many accounts of the crossing of the Alps and what happened during those weeks and we can only speculate and use the sources and information that has lived through the decay of time. Our main primary sources that historians use to piece together the crossing of the Alps are by two of Rome’s most famous historians, Polybius and Livy. Polybius was a very rounded and mostly non-biased historian who got out of his way to travel to his locations to document facts and information which he used in his text and who lived during the time of the First and Second Punic Wars. On the other hand we have Livy who was a very pro-Roman historian who had documented his facts based on other historians who were before him as he lived almost 200 years after the Punic wars. When we compare the two accounts by both historians we tend to believe and rely more on the accounts made by Polybius as we know him as a reliable and fairly non-biased source whereas Livy was very biased…
Another Ancient that makes the case that the regime or polis makes collective meaning, order, and justice possible is Livy. In his book, The Early History of Rome, Livy uses the history of Brutus to show the relationship between individuals in a polis and politics. Brutus’ political views tied directly with how he wanted Rome and its citizens to act and behave. He wanted to empower his citizens and give them strength during conflict or struggle. Brutus believed that if the people who occupy Rome are strong and powerful, Rome will also be. This is direct correlation to Aristotle in the fact that the polis and individuals who make it up are almost synonymous. This relationship is important in the fact that the model citizen in a regime and polis…
In contrast, Kleon was opposed by Diodotus and eventually lost the debate (3.40), showing he was not as powerful an orator as his predecessor. Thucydides is also able to get across his view on the Athenian democracy, arguing that while Pericles was the leader, it was “in name a democracy [and] became in actuality rule by the first man” (2.65). However, after Pericles, it became more of a fight for a leadership position, each man trying to gain the confidence and support of the people by giving in a little to their wants (2.65). In this sense, it ventured even farther from a democracy to mob rule where all leaders either concede to the people or act in self-interest (2.65). Using Pericles and Kleon as counterparts, Thucydides presents two ends of the Athenian democracy, yet neither is a democracy in it’s truest form, implying Thucydides does not think that there is a true democracy in Athens, but rather a better version, that being Pericles, and a worse one, that of…
The kind of government that Ancient Greece had was democracy, wherein everyone is given a chance to be heard and “the administration is in the hands of the many and not the few” (Reilly 91). This gave its citizens to have a say on the events and decisions that occur in the city. It is also a form of government where “aristocrats [were] stripped of all their powers except for certain judicial functions” (Bowra 93). Anyone was capable of being part of the government regardless of their job or their state and each part of Ancient Greece had their representatives to ensure that each part able to contribute and lead. This had a significant part to its rise to power because this form of government was able to develop a trust among its people and it was used as a means of being able to communicate effectively among the people of Ancient Greece.…
For the Romans, Polybius wanted a Republic and Cicero believed in informed consent of the people. The founding fathers believed the Ancients had already established goals, institutions andd the mechanics of politics but did not learn how to keep a government in good shape. 4. “The voting turnout this year dipped…
In Chapter 7 : The Hellenistic Era I learned about two Philosopher’s who were around during the Hellenistic Era ,the period from the death of Alexander in 323 BCE to the end of the Roman Republic 31 BCE in which Epicureanism, Stoicism and Skepticism flourished. The first philosopher I read about was Epicurus, who is considered to be the founder of Epicureanism which is the hedonistic theory that life’s highest aim is happiness that is attained through moderate pleasures and the avoidance of mental disturbances. Epicurus also found Hedonism which is the doctrine that pleasure is the supreme good. However Epicurus hedonism is a somewhat misunderstood.…
An ancient Greek politician, Polybius, argues in “Why Romans and not the Greeks Governs the World” that the Romans were so well off during their time because of the perfect government they created by combining a kingship, an aristocracy, and a democracy. He argues that, separately, the three governments all had certain strengths, but all sooner or later fell. Polybius states that separately “regular” governments sooner or later fall either to disorder or tyranny. In an effort the avoid a cycle the Greeks faced of greatness followed by a rapid decline, the Romans sought to create a perfect constitution with the best aspects of the three other governments and at the same time created an effective form of checks and balances.…
The Hellenistic period is said to extend from the reign of Alexander the Great to the throne of Macedon in 336 B.C. to the death of Cleopatra VII of Egypt in 30 B.C. Its beginning is marked by Alexander's successful invasion of the Persian Empire and its end by the division of the Middle East between Rome and the new Iranian-ruled kingdom of Parthia. For much of the intervening three hundred years the territory of the former Persian Empire was dominated by a series of Macedonian-ruled kingdoms in which Greeks and Greek culture enjoyed extraordinary domination. Art and literature flourished, the foundations of Western literary scholarship were laid, and Greek scientists formulated ideas of theories that would remain fundamental to work in a variety of fields until the Renaissance.…
Ancient Greece is normally associated with the origin of democracy. Basically, Greek government evolved from single rule to small group rule to rule by the people. Because each city-state in ancient Greece possessed its own government, some of these types existed other than democracy, namely monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, oligarchy. This essay will compare and contrast the ancient governments, namely monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, oligarchy and democracy in Ancient Greek city states.…
Lastly let us look at the Greek government which most of us are already familiar with, a democracy. The word democracy comes from the Greek word demos, which means rule of the people. This meant that the citizens (free men) had real power when it came to laws and decisions of the government. The most famous Greek city state that operated as a democracy was Athens. Another definition of demos, is mob rule. This was one of the flaws of a democracy in ancient Greece. Emotions would take over and the people would make irrational decisions based on mob mentality (Cartwright,…