The rise of the papacy came at a time when the Roman Empire collapsed and there was chaos as it related to the bishops who held office in Rome and what religion would be at the forefront of the representation of the west or east of Rome since its demise. The term “papacy” (papatus), meant to distinguish the Roman bishop’s office from all bishoprics (episcopatus), and The Head of the Roman Catholic Church the pope is considered the successor of Peter and the vicar of Christ (Elwell, p. 888). The “pope” is a terms of endearment which means “father” and this was the title of the most important and influential bishops in the early church. The church at Rome nevertheless enjoyed and wanted to preserve the original apostolic faith and the prominence, and they as bishops also owned its apostolic “founders” and to its political setting, and this led to the inspiration of these bishops to exercise greater leadership in Rome and abroad (Elwell, p. 888). Most emperors and patriarchs of Constantinople, challenged the bishops and their beliefs by saying that the church in Rome is new and improved but that they are still believe in the old Roman church. The popes or bishops were not moved by their words and they knew that they were not living up to the apostolic ways of the founding fathers who came before them and that their primacy was derived from Peter and not from their political setting which in turn made their claim to fame to be truly based upon the “apostolic”(Elwell, p. 888). The Apostle Peter was sent to Rome by Jesus to build God’s Church. In Matthew 16:18, NLT, says 18 Now I say to you that you are Peter (which means ‘rock’),[a] and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell[b]…
As a result of the vast expansion of Protestantism and quickly decreasing numbers in Roman Catholics, the Counter Reformation was initiated by the Roman Catholic Church in order to reconcile the Catholics and Protestants into one faith. The Roman Catholics attempted to achieve this goal through several methods, addressing the abuses of the Church by accepting its mistakes and attempting to fix them; they established the Council of Trent to help them with reforming the Church. They also reaffirmed the Catholic beliefs, and attempted to check the growth of Protestantism with the use of the Roman Inquisition.…
During the 13th and through to the 14th century catholic church authorities turned their focus to creating a united religiously bound civilization, acting only upon the fundamental principles of Christianity. The 14th century church enforced religious unity through the inquisition, and was mostly successful in doing so.…
In November 1095 Pope Urban II, letter called upon the knights of France to travel to the Holy. Land and liberate the city of Jerusalem and the Christians of the east from Muslim power—considered heathens and enemies of the Church. The response to Urban's appeal was astounding; over 60,000 people set out to recover the Holy Land and secure this reward and, in some cases, take the chance to set up new territories. Four years later, in July 1099, the survivors conquered Jerusalem by killing many people. While most of the knights returned home, the creation of the Crusader States formed a permanent Christian “colony” of sorts. In 1187, however, Saladin defeated them and brought Jerusalem back under Muslim control. The French actually held onto other…
Pope Urban was seeing an opening for power in 1095. Pope urban decided to assist the head of the Byzantine Empire by murdering the Turks. While the Turks are Muslim, and the Pope is Christian, the Pope desires the power to stay elsewhere and not in the hands of people who disbelieves in Christianity.…
There were many reasons for why Luther was summoned to the diet of worms, one of which was production the 95 theses by Martin Luther. Luther only sent his 95 Theses to a small number of bishops and a few of his close companions; he was not aiming for a response or retaliation form anybody. But copies of the 95 Theses over time had been distributed and printed in Basel Leipzig, and Nuremberg. The impact of this was that pope was informed about what was claimed as a ‘rebel in the ranks’ and decisions were made for his direct superior to calm him and his new ideas that could potentially harm the reputation of the church. But his ideas had spread too far and this made the Papal Court begin an inquisition.…
Pope Urban II’s decision to launch the First Crusades altered Medieval Europe politically, socially, and economically. The Pope stressed the religious and economic importance of the Eastern churches and Jerusalem that had both been taken over by Muslim Turks. Previously Vikings and Muslims had been attempting to invade most Western European countries and were troubling them but were soon defeated. All across Europe countries were economically recovering and looking for ways to expand. With the growth of people entering the Catholic Church many people were looking for ways to honor God. Then Pope Urban II announced a Crusade and many countries were eager to assist in his religious mission into the East.…
DESCRIPTION: The Edict of Worms was a decree issued by The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V banning the writings of Martin Luther and labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state. The Edict was the culmination of an ongoing struggle between Martin Luther and the Roman Catholic Church over reform, especially in the sale of indulgences.…
The Protestant Reformation is breakdown of authority and power in the Catholic Church. It happened because of black death, renaissance (Humanism, Secularism). Divine right is the idea that God created the monarchy. The monarchy started in October, 31, 1517. The black death impacted the Protestant reformation.…
The Spanish Inquisition was a judicial intuition in a sense. It helped to unit power in the monarchy, although many researchers today, think otherwise. A few researchers today believe that the Spanish Inquisition formed for political, economic, and religious reasons. The Inquisition was established in 1478 by the church of Spain and operated mostly in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies. The Spanish Inquisition’s main objective, if you will, was to limit as much intertwining of Catholicism and traditional religion. During Henry III regnant, many Jews were forced to convert to Christianity, this was what the Inquisition was mainly sought out to do, punish the Jews that converted to Christianity and were not heartfelt in their conversions.…
This group, established by Pope Paul III in 1542, carried out the Roman Inquisition as a way to combat heresy. It had the power to arrest, imprison, and execute, but its influence was confined to papal territories. In 1545, after delay and miscarriage, the Council of Trent was convened by Paul III. This council was the central event of the Counter Reformation. In France the Counter Reformation took root, after the accession and conversion to Catholicism of Henry IV. In England the Counter Reformation took effect less in the restoration of the Roman Catholic Church under Queen Mary. The Jesuits led in foreign missions; in America it was the spirit of the Counter Reformation that led the missionaries to work for the Native Americans, often in opposition to the secular…
There wasn’t much left for the Inquisition’s original intentions to fulfill, and the Holy Office knew this. Obviously opposition to Spain was still relevant from inside. “Above all, for the state authorities, [the inquisition] had become an instrument of control used for the repression of all ideological and political oppression” (pg.93). Resulting from the enlightenment era in Spain, the inquisition began to be exposed for what it was under King Charles III. The movement was nothing more than a lucrative regime only made possible by the oppression and exploitation of Spain’s citizens. Spain’s leaders weren’t able to put an end to the Inquisition’s evil reason for existence. “In 1768, Campomanes and Floridablanca regarded the inquisitorial court as ‘the most fanatical State body’ but they did not envisage suppressing it” (pg. 94.) Over the years, the inquisition and the elite class conducting it fed off of artisans, monks and even witches. This caused a stark contrast in belief between the inquisition’s beneficiaries and its prey. The influence of the French revolution creped into Spain and in began inspiring people despite the inquisitions attempt of suppressing…
Christians were under persecutions for their faith since the first century. After the second century, the persecution of Christians became more widely. There were four main general persecutions during the third century; each of them lasted no more than three years. However, after almost half century’s peace, it burst the Great Persecution which lasted for ten years at the beginning of the fourth century. The church were commanded to “be leveled to the ground and the Scriptures be destroyed by fire, and those who held places of honor be degraded, and servants who persisted in Christianity be deprived of freedom”. It was the longest persecution Christians experienced before Constantine became the emperor. The great persecution was not an accident,…
Webster, Noah. An American dictionary of the English language. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., 1970.…
Its deathly dark and you violently realize, with the groans in the distance, that you are waiting to be put to death for what you fervently believe. You weren’t the only one in this situation, there were many others; this was all due to the Spanish Inquisition. This was a hard time for all non-believers of the Catholic faith. You were either forced to admit to a false “sin” and turn to the Catholic faith or be tortured to death as an act to “purify” Spain. Throughout The Pit and the Pendulum, there were various types of torture that were both cruel and unusual. There were also many cases of victims losing their mind while in captivity. One of the most important questions in The Pit and the Pendulum was that if all of this was even happening to the individual in the story or if they were just dreaming of events that might come to be.…