Bram Stoker’s Dracula was written just before the turn of the 19th century; the beginning of this new era threatened a conservative, unchanging culture, and had people of all classes and religions in England on edge. Social fears such as the fall of the British Empire, the beginning of a new movement that would become what we now know as feminism, and changes in gender roles, gripped the nation. It is interesting the note that this not too dissimilar to the fear that gripped the world of the ‘millennium bug’ in 1999. Written and published in 1897, Dracula contains many of the fears that were in the minds of the Victorian public in this dawning age of social change. The British Empire was threatened by unrest and calls for independence in its…
Why is it that so many of the characters are so trusting of Van Helsing? Ever since he came into the picture, characters such as Dr. Seward, Lucy, Arthur, and Mina have allowed Van Helsing to do what ever he wants. This seems implausible, especially considering some of the things he asks, among them being spreading garlic around the room, allowing him to chop off Lucy’s head and cut out her heart, reading Lucy’s diaries, and digging up her coffin to mutilate her body. All of these things seem completely ridiculous, yet all the characters willingly relent to his wishes without much thought. This could be because Van Helsing has a kindly appearance(as detailed by Mina) and a genuine nature, but I suspect that it is most likely because he seems to be an expert in his field. He specializes in odd diseases, and his knowledge of the unknown comforts the other characters because they have no clue what is going on. In a way, they are letting him take control of the…
Relating to Gothic literature, Gothic films appropriate the subversive shudders of the eighteenth and nineteenth century gothic literature, it has for a century infiltrated popular culture increasingly taking centre stage. Some of the early gothic rock artists adopted traditional horror film images and drew on horror film soundtracks for inspiration. The common characteristics include vampires, ghosts, werewolves, bats, cobwebs, monsters, old dark houses, sublime castles, dungeons, graveyards and secret passages. The vampire embodies both life and death taking the life of others to sustain itself and in so doing living immortally, has been adopted by part of the Goth subculture as a cultural icon. Horror film fans would say that the Goth genre…
Shelley presents a completely gendered representation of domestic women, set forth directly in the Frankenstein family. Caroline Beaufort, subjected by societal expectations, complies with her role as a domestic female. She takes it upon herself to act as a “guardian angel” (27), feeding attention and support, nurturing and tending to the needs of her husband and children. As an act of this domesticity, she gives Elizabeth to Victor as a “pretty present,” who, in turn, “looked upon Elizabeth as [his] – [his] to protect, love, and cherish” (28). Yielding to Shelley’s idea of gendered inequality, Elizabeth is seen merely as a possession, an object given as a present to the firstborn male, despite originally being the daughter of a nobleman. Similarly, Justine’s role as a servant for the Frankenstein family degrades her existence to solely, property. With a low-born status intersected with the notions of gender and race, her form of life deems inevitable. These women, confined in their domestic roles, consequently have no access to the outside, unable to coexist with the world of public affairs.…
The Frankenstein’s adopt the blonde-haired, blue-eyed beauty, and she becomes one of the family. If it had not been for her adoption, beautiful Elizabeth would have lived an impoverished, starvation-filled life.”The author uses descriptive words to describe the damsel in distress; these words allow us to connect with the damsel. The use of words also makes us sympathise with damsels which to us make them more vulnerable.This technique of Damsels in Distress is common in gothic novels because the main purpose of the hero is to rescue the damsel in distress, so without damsels there is no story for gothic novels.So this is another reason why this novel is from the gothic genre.…
In past years women have played a role economically, politically, and socially, therefore having a huge impact on the way they are perceived in literary works. Women have been oppressed and undermined by men for centuries, thus creating feminist criticism within literature. Mary Wollstonecraft author of, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, highlights the inequalities between the sexes. For example, men were seen as freethinkers that ruled and changed the world for better, while women were recognized as pretty objects that bear children and took care of household duties. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the women in the play are portrayed as extremely weak, passive, and submissive, illustrating the power dynamics between men and women.…
The Victorian ideology of women is centered on the oppression of females and the idea that a woman’s sole purpose and duty in life is to be obedient and compliant to her husband. It was believed that “New Women” who stepped out of the ideal Victorian role were whores, unfit mothers and brides, and would ultimately cause chaos. In Bram Stoker’s, Dracula, Lucy and the three seductive vampires serve as women who step out of their Victorian role and are in turn punished for their actions.…
Authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and William Faulkner have presented gothic literature throughout their writing during the 18th and 19th centuries. Gothic literature is defined as a "distinct modern development in which the characteristic theme is the stranglehold of the past upon the present"(294 Drabble and Stringer).Therefore, to deliver this theme to their readers they used gothic elements to create a "dark" sensation especially in the area of setting. All three authors in their literature portray accursed or decaying settings that are associated to violence, poverty, and human behavior. It appears authors like Poe, Hawthorne, and Faulkner were drawn to this elements of Gothicism for what it revealed about human psychology…
In Frankenstein, by Mary Shelly, Victor creates a monster who murders his loved ones. Victor could have prevented two of the female deaths but chose not to in both of the events, which provided proof that women were not of importance. By allowing all of the female characters to die, Mary Shelly was displaying how women were so disposable. In this paper, I will provide details on how women were seen and treated during the book.…
Gothic literature can objectively be boiled down to a series of commonalities that are prevalent in some way, shape or form throughout the figureheads of the genre. Themes tying monstrosity to that of bodily deformity, duplicity, desire and degeneracy are deeply rooted in the genres subtext raising many questions regarding humanity as opposed to the humanities. This view is in part, a product of the Victorian era in which this genre thrived. At the time, much study was being conducted in regards to the possible connection between physical appearance and criminality. This created an unnecessary link between the perceived atavistic properties of an individual and the probability of them housing a malicious nature. These perceptions are only further embellished…
Throughout the texts we have read in class, including in the ones examined closely in this paper (namely Lanval, The Wife’s Lament, and Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath’s Tale) women consistently appear as powerful beings. This introduces a certain amount of threat simply because the woman’s position in medieval society was largely guided by the principles in the Bible – and thus, women were treated as “lesser” according to writings that stated that they weren’t allowed to teach, were to submit to the men in their life, and were to avoid “playing the whore” (Leviticus 21:9). The texts, then, will often attempt to rid those women of their powerful status or explain why they do not deserve it. At the very least,…
All ladies in the novel appeared to depict a similar part of blameless little girls, moms and additionally spouses. Ladies were to remain home, cook and clean, deal with the youngsters and do everything the spouse or man of the house requested her to. Mary Shelly needed to experience issues when she was endeavoring to distribute Frankenstein and needed to get it distributed under a man since she was denied any privilege to distribute her novel. This demonstrated how she must be reliant on a man just to have her work distributed. Ladies at the time were viewed as belonging for men, ensured by men and just valuable when they did undertakings of the house, for example, dealing with kids, cooking and cleaning.…
What is America? This question is posed all throughout history and even in books. In the average history book America is depicted as this place where everything is “happy go lucky”. But there are many underlying factors such as racism and sexism. Racism is defined as prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior. Sexism is defined as prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex. The three books that will be talked about throughout this paper will be The Awakening, Black Boy and The House on Mango Street.…
I was intrigued by how these stories that we now tell to children in simplified, cute versions were once incredibly violent and dark, and I wanted to use the style of the Gothic to revitalize these elements in a new rendition of the story. The presence of dark, creepy settings (instances of pathetic fallacy) in the “barren” castle and untamed wilds respectively are definite Gothic elements, as is the inclusion of supernatural beings to create a heightened sense of terror in the audience. One of the most prominent Gothic elements that I used throughout the story is the idea of the “uncanny”—that the princess’s appearance, thought to be beautiful in its individual elements, is considered “a stroke away from beautiful”; when these elements are placed together, the contrast between them is far too unsettling. The feeling of the uncanny caused by the princess is further augmented by the association of her physical features with death and decay, causing them to further recoil from her, rejecting her from society and casting her out into the “wilds.” This rejection of a monster due to its uncanny physical appearance and association with death is similar to Frankenstein, a paramount Gothic work. “Rumors” and “whispers” mentioned throughout the story are references to the effects of folklore and legends about supernatural creatures, and factor into both Dracula and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Additionally prevalent is the theme of maternal relationships and rejected creations. Much of the “Female Gothic” (Gothic novels written for any by women) related to the struggles of women’s condition in society and as mothers. The story emphasizes how the princess is limited by her condition as a woman, and is thought less of because she lacks the “femininity” and “softness” expected of her. It is for these reasons that she decides to prey on the men of the forest and…
. It can be argued that the development of characters in gothic literature follows the separate spheres theory which suggests that in the 18th and 19th century each gender was bounded by specific traits and "God-given domains" with women's sphere evolving around caring for the household, their husband and children; a role Elizabeth has been fulfilling and the men's sphere evolving around working, providing money and political involvement. Elizabeth is described as "a being heaven-sent, and bearing a celestial stamp" by Beaufort, another strong female character in the novel, Beaufort’s beauty is that of the sublime yet due to the way Shelley is presenting it, it's still a highly conventional portrayal of women as 'pretty and delicate'. It's…