The term “racial profiling,” which was introduced to criticize abusive police practices, carries connotations of illegitimacy. In a typical approach, Ramirez et al. (2000) define profiling as “any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin, rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity.” This definition captures a pre-theoretical notion many people have. Crucially, this definition contrasts the use of race, ethnicity, or national origin with the use of an individual’s behavior or information that helps apprehend somebody who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity. Including this contrast in the definition raises two problems. First, it mentions a feature of investigative methods, namely, the use of race, ethnicity, etc., whereas it mentions both a feature of investigative methods (“rely on information pertaining to individuals”)
The term “racial profiling,” which was introduced to criticize abusive police practices, carries connotations of illegitimacy. In a typical approach, Ramirez et al. (2000) define profiling as “any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin, rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity.” This definition captures a pre-theoretical notion many people have. Crucially, this definition contrasts the use of race, ethnicity, or national origin with the use of an individual’s behavior or information that helps apprehend somebody who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity. Including this contrast in the definition raises two problems. First, it mentions a feature of investigative methods, namely, the use of race, ethnicity, etc., whereas it mentions both a feature of investigative methods (“rely on information pertaining to individuals”)